Akwai kyakkyawan ƙarshen abincin da aka yi amfani da shi fiye da ɗaukar sarari a cikin wuraren shara da bayar da gudummawa ga ɗumamar yanayi.
Bacteriawayoyin cuta masu amfani sun bunƙasa a cikin tsarin tsire-tsire na citrus waɗanda aka bi da su da kayan ƙamshi mai ƙanshi Masana kimiyyar UC Riverside sun gano sharar abinci mai daɗaɗɗen abinci na iya haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar amfanin gona, sa tsire-tsire su zama masu juriya da ƙwayoyin cuta da rage hayaƙin carbon daga noma.
"Microananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu fa'ida sun ƙaru sosai lokacin da muka ƙara ƙwayoyin abinci masu daɗaɗɗa ga tsarin tsire-tsire," in ji masanin microbiologist UCR Deborah Pagliaccia, wanda ya jagoranci binciken. "Lokacin da wadatattun waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau suke, suna samar da mahaɗan ƙwayoyin cuta da kumburi wadanda ke taimaka wa tsirrai su girma cikin sauri da sauri."
Tunda shuke-shuke a cikin wannan gwajin sun girma a cikin greenhouse, ana kiyaye fa'idodin kayayyakin ɓarnatar a cikin rufaffiyar tsarin shayarwa. Tushen tsire-tsire sun sami sabon juzu'i na magani a duk lokacin da aka shayar da su.
Dorewar zagayowar
"Wannan shine ɗayan mahimman abubuwan binciken nan," in ji Pagliaccia. "Don kirkirar zagaye mai dorewa inda muke adana ruwa ta hanyar sake yin amfani da shi a cikin ruwantaccen tsarin ban ruwa kuma a lokaci guda a kara samfur daga sharar abinci wanda ke taimakawa amfanin gona da kowane zagayen ruwa."
Wadannan sakamakon an bayyana su a kwanan nan a wata takarda da aka buga a mujallar Frontiers a Tsarin Abinci Mai Dorewa. Sharar abinci tana da babbar barazana ga duniya. A cikin Amurka kawai, kusan kashi 50% na dukkan abinci an watsar. Ba a sake yin amfani da mafi yawan wannan sharar ba, amma a maimakon haka, yana ɗaukar fiye da 20% na ƙimar shara ta Amurka.
Wannan ɓarnatar ba ta wakiltar asarar tattalin arziki kawai ba, amma ƙazamar ɓarnar albarkatun ruwa da ake amfani da su don samar da abinci, da rashin amfani da abin da zai iya ciyar da miliyoyin masu ƙananan kuɗi waɗanda ke fama da wadatar abinci.
Madadin amfani da sharar abinci
Don taimakawa magance waɗannan batutuwan, ƙungiyar binciken UCR sun nemi madadin amfani da sharar abinci. Sun yi nazarin abubuwan da aka samo daga wasu sharar gida iri biyu da ake samu a Kudancin California: giyar giya - kayan giya ne - da kuma kayan abinci da aka haɗa da shagunan kayan abinci suka watsar.
Dukkanin nau'ikan sharar sun yi kaurin gaske ne ta hanyar binciken hanyar Kogin sannan kuma aka karawa tsarin ban ruwa da ke ba shuke-shuken citrus a cikin greenhouse. A cikin awanni 24, matsakaicin yawan kwayoyin cuta masu amfani sun kasance umarni biyu zuwa uku na girma fiye da na shuke-shuke da ba su karɓar maganin ba, kuma wannan halin yana ci gaba a duk lokacin da masu binciken suka ƙara jiyya.
Masanin kimiyyar muhalli na UCR Samantha Ying da tawagarsa sannan suka yi nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin carbon da abubuwan gina jiki gami da nitrogen a cikin kasar gona da aka yiwa magani. Binciken ya nuna karu a cikin adadin carbon a cikin ruwan ban ruwa bayan da aka kula da su da kayayyakin sharar, sannan aka samu raguwa sosai, wanda ke nuna cewa kwayoyin masu amfani sun yi amfani da karbon da ke akwai don yin kwafi.
Pagliaccia ya bayyana cewa wannan binciken yana da tasiri kan ci gaban kwayoyin cuta da kuma amfanin gona kansu. "Idan kayayyakin da aka samu daga sharar na iya inganta karbon zuwa sinadarin nitrogen a cikin kayan gona, za mu iya amfani da wannan bayanin don inganta tsarin samarwa," in ji ta.
Babu Salmonella
Wani abin lura shine cewa ba giyar giya ko kayan abinci masu gauraya da aka gwada tabbatacce ga Salmonella ko wasu kwayoyin cuta, suna nuna cewa ba zasu gabatar da wani abu mai cutarwa ga amfanin abincin ba.
"Akwai matukar bukatar samar da sabbin dabarun aikin gona," in ji masanin cututtukan tsire-tsire na UCR kuma marubucin marubucin nan Georgios Vidalakis. "Citrus na California, musamman, na fuskantar kalubale na tarihi kamar su cutar Huanglongbing da kuma karancin wadatar ruwa," in ji Georgios Vidalakis, wani masanin kimiyyar tsirrai na UCR.
Sakamakon takardar ya nuna amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan kayan abinci iri iri na kayan sharar gona a cikin noma yana da fa'ida kuma zai iya tallafawa amfani da kayan ƙera sinadarai na roba da manoma ke yi - a wasu lokuta saukaka amfani da irin waɗannan abubuwan gaba ɗaya. Hakanan amfanin gona zai zama mai tsada.
Kamfanin Shell ya samar
Pagliaccia da Ying suma kwanan nan sun karɓi kyautar Ma'aikatar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta California don gudanar da irin wannan gwajin ta amfani da samfuran almond daga Corigin Solutions don haɓaka amfanin gona. Ana kuma tallafawa wannan aikin tare da tallafi daga Hukumar Kula da Nursery ta California, Corigin Solutions, da kuma Kamfanin Noma da Kasuwancin California.
"Kirkirar hadin gwiwar bincike tsakanin bangarorin biyu da gina hadin gwiwar kamfanoni da kamfanoni zai taimaka wajen magance kalubalen da ke fuskantar tsarin abinci na duniya," in ji marubucin marubucin UCR Norman Ellstrand, fitaccen farfesan ilimin halittar jini.
Lokacin da kamfanoni suka baiwa masu shuka damar yin amfani da abubuwan da aka ɓata na abinci don amfanin gona, hakan yana taimakawa ciyar da al'umma zuwa ga tsarin ingantaccen muhalli.
“Dole ne mu canza daga layinmu na 'dauki-cinye-jefa' tattalin arzikinmu zuwa madauwari wanda muke amfani da wani abu a ciki sannan kuma mu sami sabon dalili a gare shi. Wannan tsari yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen kare duniyarmu daga yawan karancin albarkatun kasa da barazanar iskar gas, "in ji Pagliaccia. "Wannan shine labarin wannan aikin."
Don ƙarin bayani:
Jami'ar California Kogin Ribas
www.ucr.edu / amfanin gona-kariya /