Kamfanin yaɗa De Kemp a Meterik, Arewacin Limburg, yana yin duk abin da zai iya don haɓaka kayan farawa mara cuta. Shekarar 'shekarar shiri' tare da Tagetes ko hatsin Japan sun zama daidaitattun, tare da yin aiki da yawa tare da takin gargajiya, garin dutse da abubuwa iri-iri. Martin de Klein, wanda ke da alhakin kare amfanin gona da hadi, ya yi bayanin kwas ɗin kamfanin a Bayer's Strawberry Courier, "Muna ƙoƙari don ci gaba mai dorewa da juriya tare da farawa mafi tsabta."
Tsakanin watan Mayu ne kuma da kyar rana ta fito na wasu makonni. Kuma zafin jiki bai tashi sama da digiri 15 ba tsawon kwanaki. "A'a, abubuwa ba sa tafiya cikin sauri a filin da kuma a cikin greenhouse. Ina tsammanin muna mako ɗaya ko biyu a baya a girma. Amma da kyau, tare da ɗan yanayi mai kyau wanda nan ba da jimawa ba za a riske shi, "in ji Martin de Klein, yayin da yake tattaunawa game da farkon kakar wasa tare da mai ba da shawara Henk Ritter van Mertens.
Ritter kuma baya ganin wani mummunan tasiri na jinkirin farawa. “Kada mu kwatanta komai da shekarun baya. A lokacin ya bushe sosai, amma yanzu muna kusa da al'ada. "
A cewar mutanen biyu, har yanzu akwai sauran damuwa game da cututtuka da kwari. De Klein ya ce: "Abin da kawai muke da shi yanzu shi ne lalacewar iskar da ke haifar da burbushin foil," in ji De Klein. “Hakan na iya zama hanyar shiga ga cututtuka. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, don haka yana da mahimmanci musamman a mai da hankali da yin aiki a cikin yanayin da ya bushe sosai.”
Mai da hankali kan amfanin gona masu juriya
De Kemp yayi ƙoƙarin mayar da hankali sosai gwargwadon yiwuwa akan hanyar noma mai ɗorewa tare da amfanin gona mai jurewa. Misali, kusan kadada 50 na fili ana shirya kowace shekara don noman noma a shekara mai zuwa. A cikin wannan 'shekarar shiri', ƙasa tana samun kulawa mafi girma.
Baya ga hadi mai mahimmanci tare da taki, takin gargajiya da garin dutse, ana shuka Tagetes ko hatsi na Japan don kiyaye nematodes (P. Penetrans) a ƙarƙashin kulawa. A cewar De Klein, waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna ƙara biyan kuɗin kansu a cikin amfanin gona. “Mun lura cewa amfanin gonakinmu sun fi karfi, sun fi jure wa cututtuka da kwari. Wannan yana nufin cewa za mu iya komawa baya cikin amfani da sinadarai mataki-mataki. Wannan ba wata manufa ba ce a gare mu, amma wata hanya ce da za mu kasance cikin shiri don makoma tare da ƙarancin sinadarai.
De Klein ya ce ya koyi abubuwa da yawa daga noman halittu, wanda ke kara zama wani muhimmin bangare na kamfanin. “Don haka mun fi sanin kasar fiye da da. A gefe guda, wannan al'amari ne marar ka'ida, amma a lokaci guda kuma ƙalubale ne mai kyau sosai!"
Farawa tare da mafi kyawun abin farawa mai yuwuwa shima yana da babban fifiko a cikin kamfani. De Klein ya yi bayanin cewa kusan shuke-shuke 50 daga cikin nau'ikan strawberry iri 15 da aka noma ana zaɓa su girma kuma ana haɓaka su azaman kayan da aka riga aka girka a cikin greenhouses marasa aphid. Wannan yana samar da tsirrai kusan 20,000 'marasa tabo' kowane iri-iri.
"Har yanzu ana buƙatar kimiyya sosai"
Ko da yake, a cewar De Klein, 'ana iya yin abubuwa da yawa ba tare da ilmin sunadarai' ba, ya jaddada cewa noman al'ada ba zai iya yin ba har yanzu ba tare da sunadarai ba. Wannan wani ɓangare ne saboda nau'in nau'in nau'in - wanda halaye irin su samarwa da inganci (a halin yanzu) suna ɗaukar nauyi fiye da juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Wani abu kuma shine cewa a cikin noma na al'ada, ana buƙatar buƙatu mafi girma akan kayan farawa. Duk da yake har yanzu ana karɓar asarar 'ƙananan kashi' a cikin kayan shuka, tsire-tsire da aka saba samarwa dole ne su kasance masu kyau 100%, Martin ya sani.
Cutar da har yanzu ana buƙatar abubuwan sinadarai sosai ita ce Phytophthora. "Tare da powdery mildew da gizo-gizo mite, Phytophthora na daya daga cikin muhimman cututtuka a cikin noma da yaduwar strawberries. Kawai powdery mildew da gizo-gizo mites za a iya yawanci a magance tare da halin yanzu kewayon kayayyakin, yayin da kula da marigayi blight ya zama ƙara wuya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Iri masu mahimmanci irin su Malling Centenary, Malling Allure, Polka da Sonata, yana da wuya a kiyaye naman gwari a ƙarƙashin isassun iko,” mai ba da shawara Ritter ya bayyana halin da ake ciki yanzu.
Don ƙarin bayani:
Stefan van Heist
Kimiyyar Noma na Bayer
www.agro.bayer.nl