Gidan greenhouse yana ba da damar girbi ba tare da la'akari da kakar ba. Kuma don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau ga kowane amfanin gona, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da yanayin yanayi, abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan da aka yi daga abin da aka yi da greenhouse, yankin na greenhouse. Kuma dangane da bayanan da aka samu, zaɓi nau'in dumama. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika duk hanyoyin dumama, amfanin su da rashin amfani.
Nau'in dumama greenhouse
Dumamar rana shine mafi sauƙi kuma mafi yawan zaɓi na kasafin kuɗi. Dumama yana faruwa ta dabi'a kuma ana sakin zafi a hankali, ana samun wannan sakamako saboda tasirin greenhouse, wannan hanyar kai tsaye ta dogara da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi, don haka daidaita yanayin zafi ba zai yiwu ba.
Irin wannan greenhouse, a cikin wannan yanayin greenhouse, ya kamata a yi shi da polycarbonate, tun da irin wannan kayan yana ba da ƙarin tasirin greenhouse idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwa. Madadin zai zama gilashin da ke watsa sama da kashi 95% na hasken wuta. Rashin rashin amfani da wannan hanyar shine buƙatar ƙirƙirar tsari mai ban sha'awa, da kuma daidaita yanayin greenhouse tare da axis daga gabas zuwa yamma.
Bambance-bambancen hanyar nazarin halittu shine cewa an kwantar da biofuel a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai laushi, wanda ke dumama duniya saboda tsarin bazuwar yanayi, ana fitar da zafi a hankali. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar ƙarancin takin zamani da shayarwa. A matsayin man fetur, ana amfani da takin doki sau da yawa, wanda zai iya dumi har zuwa digiri 70 a cikin kwanaki 7 kuma zai iya kula da wannan zafin jiki na tsawon watanni. Idan ba a buƙatar dumama mai ƙarfi sosai, ana haɗa taki da bambaro. Hanyoyin da ba su da ƙarfi su ne amfani da sawdust, haushin bishiya da sharar abinci.
Gas dumama yana da alaƙa da sauƙi da sauƙi na tsarin, kuma iska tana dumama da sauri kuma a ko'ina, yiwuwar ƙirƙirar shi daga kayan aikin masana'anta - waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan da suka dace. Duk da haka, zai zama dole, tare da cikakken lissafi, don shirya zane-zane da kunshin izini. Ba shi yiwuwa a aiwatar da aikin ba tare da izinin hukumomin rajista na jihohi ba, kuma kowane canjinsa yana haifar da sabon farashi. Idan rukunin yanar gizon ku ya cika gas, to bai kamata ku sami matsala tare da shigarwa ba.
Don zafi da greenhouse, yana amfani da tsarin dumama gas ko masu ƙonewa, wanda aka rarraba a ko'ina a kusa da kewayen dakin mai zafi. Idan greenhouse yana da ƙananan, to, ana iya amfani da silinda gas a matsayin tushen zafi, yayin da ga manyan wurare masu zafi, zai zama dole a yi amfani da hanyar haɗin gine-gine na greenhouse zuwa babban tsarin gasification. Gas dumama yana da adadin rashin amfani: na farko, iskar gas mai fashewa ne kuma mai guba. Na biyu, lokacin da ake amfani da shi a cikin greenhouse, yawan zafi yana bayyana, kuma yawan ƙwayar carbon dioxide yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa. Don irin wannan nau'in dumama, ana buƙatar samun iska, wanda kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙididdiga, kuma a cikin hunturu, samar da iska mai kyau yana rage darajar makamashi da aka samar.
Wutar lantarki yana da inganci kuma baya buƙatar farashi mai mahimmanci. A cewar masana, hanya mafi dacewa ta yin aiki ita ce ta yin amfani da hanyoyin zafi na infrared, wanda ba ya ɓata kuzari wajen dumama iskar, kai tsaye yana tura shi zuwa ƙasa da tsirrai. Duk da haka, irin wannan bayani yana da matsala ta fasaha: ba shi yiwuwa a yi duk abin da ya dace ba tare da taimakon masu shigarwa masu dacewa ba. Amma zaka iya bambanta dumama a sassa daban-daban na dakin, samar da yanayi mafi kyau ga kowane rukuni na amfanin gona.
Ruwan dumama yana da kyau ga manyan greenhouses, kuma yana ba ku damar ba da zafi ga ƙasa da iska. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan zaɓi ta hanyoyi da yawa: shigar da tukunyar jirgi daban ko haɗawa da tsarin gida. A wani yanayin kuma, ana yin wani keɓaɓɓen da'ira don kashe shi a zubar da ruwan. Idan ana shigar da tsarin daban, to dole ne a shigar da tukunyar jirgi tare da la'akari da man da ake samu da riba.
Samfuran gas sune mafi dacewa da tattalin arziki, suna ba ku damar kula da zafin da ake so. Ana cire kayan konewa ta amfani da bututun coaxial. Samfuran mai ƙarfi na iya samun gyare-gyare daban-daban. Hakanan zaɓi na tattalin arziki, amma kusan babu yuwuwar sarrafa kansa kuma ana buƙatar sa ido akai-akai. Samfuran lantarki waɗanda ke kula da zafin jiki a kusa da agogo suna da manyan alamomin aiki da kai. Suna da ƙarfi a cikin girman, aminci kuma shiru, amma farashin wutar lantarki yana da yawa. Baya ga tukunyar jirgi da kanta, ya zama dole don shigar da bututun mai da radiators masu alaƙa da su. Hakanan mahimmanci shine tankunan faɗaɗawa, bututun hayaƙi da famfo mai kewayawa. Ana bada shawara don samar da nau'i-nau'i na dumama, kuma ba ɗaya ba. Ana gina layi ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda aka yi da bututun filastik waɗanda ke yin ƙaura da ruwa tare da zafin jiki na kusan + 30 digiri. Irin wannan bututu ya kamata a dage farawa a kusa da tushen kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Hanya mai sauƙi da kasafin kuɗi don kula da zafin jiki da ake so a cikin greenhouse shine kasancewar "bene mai dumi", wanda ake amfani dashi don zafi ƙasa. Irin wannan tsarin dumama ƙasa a cikin greenhouse yana da kasafin kuɗi sosai duka a matakin shigarwa da kuma a matakin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ikon sarrafa dumama ta atomatik da kuma rarraba zafi a ko'ina cikin greenhouse.
A zane ne quite sauki. Mafi mashahuri tsarin shine tabarmar dumama mai hana ruwa. Don ƙirƙirar "bene mai dumi" a cikin greenhouse, an cire har zuwa 40 cm na ƙasa, kuma an zubar da yashi da aka rigaya a cikin kasan wurin hutu tare da Layer na 5-10 cm. Bayan haka, an dage farawa mai zafi (kumfa polystyrene, kumfa polyethylene, da dai sauransu) a cikin hutu. Muna zaɓar kayan da ke da tsayayya da danshi. Na gaba Layer aka aza waterproofing abu. Ana zuba yashi a saman tare da Layer na 5 cm. Komai an jika shi da ruwa kuma a rame. An shimfiɗa waya na "bene mai dumi" tare da maciji a kan yashi mai yashi tare da mataki na 15 cm. An sake rufe tsarin dumama da aka gama da yashi na 5-10 cm, wanda aka ɗora sarkar sarkar. Bayan haka, an rufe “kek” da ƙasa da aka cire a baya.
Wata hanyar da aka fi sani da kasafin kuɗi don dumama shine tare da murhu, ko kuma tukunyar tukunyar jirgi, wanda ke da ikon kula da zafin jiki na kusan 18-24 ° C na dogon lokaci.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, wannan hanyar dumama yana da tattalin arziki da sauƙi. Farashin man fetur na tukunyar tukunyar tukunya yana da matsakaici, kuma ana iya yin shigarwa da kansa, ba tare da taimakon kwararru ba. Har ila yau, bayan kunnawa tare da itacen wuta, sawdust, kayan tattarawa ko rags, bayan su ana samun kyakkyawan taki don ciyar da ƙasa - ash. Duk da haka, babban hasara na yin amfani da murhu a cikin greenhouse shine cewa iska ba ta yin dumi a ko'ina: yana da zafi sosai a kusa da murhu kuma tsire-tsire da aka dasa a wannan yanki za su mutu daga yanayin da ba daidai ba. Kar ka manta cewa tukunyar tukunyar wuta ce mai haɗari mai haɗari, sabili da haka yana buƙatar bin ka'idodin aminci. Bugu da ƙari, don ingancin aikin tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar jirgi, ya zama dole don jefa man fetur akai-akai a ciki, a wasu kalmomi, don kasancewa a cikin greenhouse koyaushe.
Yadda za a zabi nau'in dumama?
Ko da kuwa abin da kuka yanke shawarar dumama ginin tare da itace ko wutar lantarki, da farko kuna buƙatar ƙididdige yawan zafin da ake buƙata don shi. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar samun bayanai kan mafi ƙarancin zafin rana don yankinku, da matsakaicin saurin iska a wannan rana. Ana iya samun wannan bayanin a ma'aunin da ake kira "Construction climatology and geophysics". Ana iya samun kalkuleta don ƙididdige adadin a cikin greenhouse akan yanar gizo. Yana da daraja la'akari da ƙayyadaddun kayan da aka yi daga greenhouses don zaɓin zaɓi mai kyau na dumama.
Alal misali, dumama fina-finai greenhouses, alal misali, yana buƙatar ƙarin zafi fiye da dumama greenhouses da aka yi da polycarbonate, wani abu wanda kansa yana da kyaun insulator. Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da siffofin tsarin. Alal misali, wasu daga cikinsu, saboda tsadar su, ba su dace da ƙananan gidajen gine-gine ba. Sauran tsarin suna buƙatar shigarwa na ƙwararru da daidaitawa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan ana batun dumama gidajen gine-ginen masana'antu, inda ake amfani da fasahohi na zamani, kamar famfo mai zafi, dumama infrared da sauransu. Kuma a tabbatar da tuntubar masana kan dukkan batutuwa. Duk wani ɗan ƙaramin kuskure zai iya haifar da sakamako mai ban tausayi - rashin girbi mara kyau da jinkirin ci gaban tsire-tsire.
