Tare da gwamnatoci da yawa a duniya suna bin iyakokin amfani da takin nitrogen a aikin gona, ta yaya manoma za su daidaita idan gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta ɗauki irin wannan matakin?
Mahimman bayanai:
- Samar da taki da amfani da shi ne ke da alhakin fiye da rabin sawun iskar gas na amfanin gonar alkama na ƙasa
- Fitar da nitrous oxide yana fitowa daga jujjuyawar takin nitrogen kamar urea
- Za'a iya rage yawan juzu'a ta hanyar gudanarwa, amma nitrogen na roba yana da wahala a maye gurbinsa a tsarin shuka
Babban manajan bincike na kungiyar Birchip Cropping James Murray ya ce babbar hanyar rage hayaki daga takin nitrogen shine a yi amfani da shi kadan.
"Ina tsammanin a dabi'ance zabin je-zuwa shine a noman legumes da yawa a cikin juyawa, saboda lokacin da muke noman legumes ba ma buƙatar amfani da nitrogen don saduwa da samarwa," in ji shi.
"Amma ba haka ba ne mai sauƙi kamar haka, saboda akwai hayaki mai gurbata yanayi kamar nitrous oxide da ke da alaƙa da rushewar kututture."
A fannin noman noma, samar da taki da amfani da su ya kai kashi 58 cikin XNUMX na sawun iskar gas na amfanin gona na alkama a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, a cewar Sashen Noma.
Daga cikin wannan, kashi 31 cikin XNUMX sun faru ne a gonaki, babban ɓangaren abin da ya zo ta hanyar jujjuyawar takin nitrogen, inda ake sakin nitrous oxide a cikin yanayi.
Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas wanda ya kusan sau 300 fiye da carbon dioxide.
Baya ga kara noman legumes masu gyara sinadarin nitrogen domin rage amfani da taki, Mista Murray ya ce akwai kayayyakin da za su rage saurin jujjuyawa, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin da ake shafa sinadarin nitrogen a cikin amfanin gona, kuma ba a samu isasshen ruwan sama ba, bayan an yi amfani da shi don karya shi.
"Akwai samfura guda biyu a kasuwa - ɗaya shine mai hana urease, wanda ke rage haɗarin haɓakawa ta hanyar rage wannan sakin lokacin da kuke nema idan ba ku sami ruwan sama mai biyo baya da sauri ba," in ji shi.
“Sauran kuma shine rufin polymer, wanda ke jinkirta sakin nitrogen sosai.
“Amma kalubalen da ke tare da su shi ne ba lallai ba ne su yi amfani da su ba, tare da masu hana urease suna siyar da kusan dala 50 ton a kan farashin urea, don haka ya buɗe tambaya game da yadda farashin da ke cikin aikin noma. tsarin.”
Mista Murray ya ce ko manoma sun yi amfani da mai hana urease ko a'a, akwai matukar muhimmanci wajen samun damar amfani da sinadarin nitrogen da kuma rage rikidewa.
"Muna magana kadan game da Rs hudu - don haka ƙimar da ta dace, samfurin da ya dace, tushen da ya dace da kuma lokacin da ya dace, wanda a ƙarshen rana zai sami fa'ida mai mahimmanci don samarwa, kuma idan muna rage yawan iskar gas ɗin mu. sawun sa a lokaci guda, wannan kari ne,” in ji shi.
Kasashe da suka hada da New Zealand da Canada da Netherlands na bin kayyade kayyade takin zamani domin rage hayakin da ake fitarwa, wanda Mista Murray ya ce abin lura ne ga manoma a nan.
"Akwai la'akari game da samun kasuwa da kuma yuwuwar umarni na gaba kan yadda ake amfani da abubuwa," in ji shi.
"Ina tsammanin akwai babbar dama ga masana'antar hatsi ta Australiya su kasance gaba da wasan game da wannan kayan, ko don samun kasuwa ko kuma abubuwan da suka dace.
"Ta fuskar inganta yadda muke amfani da abubuwan da muke amfani da su, babbar fa'ida ita ce zuwa kasa ta fuskar inganta noman amfanin gona."
Wadanne hanyoyin ne?
Wasu manoma suna gwada hanyoyin maye gurbin takin zamani a ƙarƙashin inuwar “farfadowar noma”.
Daga cikinsu akwai Luke Batters, wanda ke noma tare da iyalinsa kusa da St Arnaud a yammacin Victoria.
"Aikinmu galibi tsarin tushen roba ne kuma amfani da takin zamani da sinadarai ya karu sosai," in ji shi.
“Na yi aikin noma na tsawon shekaru bakwai kuma lokacin da na dawo gona ina da tunani daban don haka muna gwada wasu abubuwa daban-daban game da abubuwan da ake amfani da su, dangane da yadda abubuwan da ake amfani da su na carbon da na halitta da kuma na tushen sinadarai ke shafar. tsarin.”
Mista Batters yana gwada wasu hanyoyin kamar takin zamani, taki, ciwan ruwa da ciyayi, wanda ke hade da kayayyaki, gami da simintin tsutsa.
"Sai da na fara yin wannan aikin gwaji na gane yadda muke dogaro da nitrogen a matsayin shigar da ta roba," in ji shi.
Menene matsalolin?
Mista Batters ya ce yayin da yake tunanin gwajin nasa ba shi da lafiya, suna da karancin sinadarin nitrogen kuma ya kasa cika gibin da wasu hanyoyin da ya yi amfani da su.
"Na tafi turkey mai sanyi sosai kuma na daina amfani da takin zamani kuma yana da kyau sosai, bambanci tsakanin takin roba da babu takin roba da kuma dogaro da wadancan hanyoyin," in ji shi.
"Waɗannan abubuwa za su yi aiki a cikin tsarin da zarar ilimin halitta ya tashi ya tafi, amma saboda tsarinmu na yanzu ya ƙare da ilimin halitta, da gaske bai tashi ba."
Mista Batters ya ce bai samu sakamakon da yake fata ba amma zai dage.
"Idan akwai ka'idoji a nan gaba game da abin da za mu iya da kuma ba za mu iya yi ba kuma ba mu da wani madadin za mu gaji," in ji shi.
