Za'a Saki Iri Masu Tsayawa Daga Baya A Wannan Shekarar ga Masu Noma
Strawberry hasara daga fusarium wilt zai iya zama ƙasa da barazana bayan masu bincike a Jami'ar California, Davis, sun gano kwayoyin halittar da ke da juriya ga cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙasa.
Abubuwan da aka gano, an buga a mujallar Ka'idar Halitta da Aiwatar Halitta, sune ƙarshen ayyukan shekaru da yawa, kuma binciken zai taimaka wajen kare hasarar cututtuka, in ji Steve Knapp, darektan cibiyar. Shirin Kiwo Strawberry da UC Davis.
"Abin da muka cim ma a nan yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da kima ga masana'antar kuma zai kare masu noma," in ji Knapp.
Strawberries babban amfanin gona ne a California, inda ake noman kusan fam biliyan 1.8 na 'ya'yan itace masu gina jiki a kowace shekara, wanda ke yin kusan kashi 88% na abin da ake girbe a Amurka.
Gano kwayoyin halitta zai iya hana a fusarium cutar annoba.
"Cutar ta fara bayyana sau da yawa sama da ƙasa," in ji Glenn Cole, wani mai kiwon kiwo kuma manajan filin tare da Shirin Kiwan Strawberry. “Lokacin da wilt ya shiga, shukar kawai ta rushe. Kun mutu gaba daya."
Neman juriya
Masana kimiyya na UC Davis sun bincika dubban tsire-tsire na strawberry a cikin gandun daji na Kwalejin Aikin Noma da Muhalli kuma sun ɗauki samfuran DNA. Daga nan sai suka yi amfani da tantancewar kwayoyin halitta da kuma samar da bincike na DNA don gano kwayoyin halittar da ke da juriya ga jinsin farko na fusarium so.
"Kwayoyin halitta sun kasance suna yawo a cikin kwayar cutar strawberry na dubban shekaru," in ji Cole, amma babu wanda ya yi aiki don gano su.
Wannan sabon ci gaba ya kawo "strawberry cikin karni na 21 ta fuskar magance wannan matsalar," in ji Knapp.
Kare amfanin gona na gaba
Wannan aikin yana nufin masu shayarwa za su iya gabatar da kwayar halitta mai juriya a cikin nau'in strawberry na gaba. Wannan faɗuwar shirin zai saki sabbin cultivars waɗanda ke da fusarium juriya gene. Kuma kayan aikin bincike na DNA zai taimaka wa masu shayarwa su amsa sababbin fusarium wilt bambance-bambancen karatu masu tasowa.
"Za a sami sabbin barazanar kuma muna son a shirya musu," in ji Knapp. "Muna son fahimtar yadda wannan ke aiki a cikin strawberries ta yadda sabbin barazanar ta bulla, za mu iya magance su cikin hanzari."
“Idan ba ku da fusarium juriya, kun gama,” in ji Cole. "Cutar na iya kasancewa fiye da yadda kuke zato."
fusarium wilt bai kasance al'ada ba, amma lokacin da aka cire fumigant methyl bromide a cikin 2005, abubuwa sun canza. Cutar ta kasance a cikin ƙasa, kuma ba tare da fumigant ba, lokuta na zazzage sun karu, musamman a wuraren da amfanin gona ba su juya ba.
Kiwo sabbin iri
Knapp da Cole sun sanar da masana'antar game da nau'ikan strawberry na yanzu waɗanda ke da juriya ta yadda za su iya zaɓar tsire-tsire tare da ƙarin kariya. Sabbin nau'ikan juriya da ke fitowa daga baya a wannan shekara za su dace da yanayin girma da yawa.
"Babban al'amari ne," in ji Cole. "Komai yana karuwa a cikin kiwo, amma babban abu ne."
Masana kimiyyar tsire-tsire suna kiwon strawberries a UC Davis tun daga shekarun 1930, kuma sun fitar da fiye da nau'ikan 60 da aka mallaka ta hanyar shirin kiwo na jama'a.
Duk aikin ya faru a UC Davis. Dominique Pincot, Mitchell Feldmann, Mishi Vachev, Marta Bjornson, Alan Rodriguez, Randi Famula da Gitta Coaker daga Sashen Kimiyyar Tsirrai, da Thomas Gordon daga Sashen Kula da Tsirrai sun ba da gudummawa ga binciken, kamar yadda Michael Hardigan da Peter Henry suka bayar. Yanzu suna Sashen Nazarin Aikin Noma na Amurka, da Nicholas Cobo, wanda ke Jami'ar La Frontera a Chile.
UC Davis ne ta dauki nauyin binciken da kuma tallafi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Abinci da Noma ta Musamman na USDA ta Kasa.
Tushe: https://www.ucdavis.edu
