An ce kashi 10 zuwa 15% na asarar noman da ake samu a duniya na faruwa ne ta hanyar cututtuka. Kuma tun da kashi 70-80% na wannan cuta ta shuka ta haifar da fungi na filamentous, kare amfanin gona daga fungi na filamentous lamari ne mai mahimmanci wajen ciyar da al'ummar duniya yadda ya kamata. Domin ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa su cutar da tsire-tsire, dole ne su shiga cikin ƙwayoyin epidermal na shuka kuma su mamaye ciki. A wasu kalmomi, ƙwayoyin epidermal na shuka suna aiki a matsayin shinge na farko don dakatar da harin fungi mai cututtuka a cikin muhalli. Don haka wane irin ayyuka na tsaro ne sel epidermal suke da shi?
Abin sha'awa, an san cewa epidermis na tsire-tsire ya ƙunshi ƙananan chloroplasts waɗanda ba su da hannu a cikin photosynthesis. Duk da haka, ba a san ko wane aiki yake da shi ba. Me yasa akwai ƙananan chloroplasts a cikin epidermis na tsire-tsire waɗanda ba sa taimakawa sosai ga photosynthesis?
Mataimakin Farfesa Hiroki Irieda na Kwalejin Aikin Noma, Jami'ar Shinshu da Farfesa Yoshitaka Takano, Makarantar Graduate of Agriculture, Jami'ar Kyoto, sun gano cewa ƙananan chloroplasts a cikin epidermis na shuke-shuke suna sarrafa shigar da cututtukan fungal. Duo ya gano cewa ƙananan chloroplasts suna motsawa cikin tantanin halitta sosai zuwa saman saman don amsa harin fungal kuma suna da hannu a cikin irin wannan martanin tsaro.
A cikin wannan binciken, duo ya fara bincikar irin nau'in fungi mai cutarwa da epidermal chloroplasts ke amsawa. A sakamakon haka, sun gano cewa yawancin fungi na filamentous pathogenic suna haifar da ƙaura na chloroplasts na epidermal. Abin sha'awa, an kuma gano cewa waɗannan fungi na filamentous pathogenic sune abin da ake kira 'nonadapted' kuma an toshe su daga mamaye ƙwayoyin epidermal. A gefe guda, naman gwari da aka saba da shi yana iya mamaye epidermis a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda chloroplasts na epidermal suka daina ƙaura zuwa saman saman.
Bayan haka, sun yi nasarar gano sunadaran shuka da ke da hannu a ƙaura daga saman chloroplasts na epidermal. Lokacin da shuka da ke samar da wannan furotin ta hanyar gabatarwar jigilar kwayoyin halitta, chloroplasts na epidermal ba su matsa zuwa saman Layer na fungi na filamentous pathogenic ba. A cikin wannan tsiron transgenic, rigakafi ga mamayewar epidermal na fungi na filamentous pathogenic yana raguwa. An kuma gano cewa cututtukan fungi sun fi iya mamaye epidermis a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda chloroplasts na epidermal suka daina ƙaura zuwa saman saman. Wadannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa ƙaura na chloroplasts na epidermal zuwa saman Layer yana da hannu a cikin martanin tsaro wanda ke toshe mamayewar fungi.
Karanta cikakken labarin a www.phys.org.