Noman Tumatir; Dabarun Noma - Cikakken Jagora

Jagoran Noman Tumatir don Masu farawa:

Labari mai zuwa yana ba da bayani game da "Cibiyar Tumatir", "Yadda ake shuka Tumatir", Tumatir noma dabaru.

Tumatir shine amfanin gona na lokacin dumi, yana buƙatar yanayi mai dumi da sanyi. Tsire-tsire ba za su iya jure sanyi da zafi mai yawa ba. Har ila yau, ƙarfin haske yana rinjayar pigmentation. 'ya'yan itace launi, saitin 'ya'yan itace. Tsire-tsire yana da matukar tasiri da mummunan yanayi. Yana buƙatar kewayon yanayi daban-daban don germination iri, girma seedling, furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itace kafa, da 'ya'yan itace ingancin. Zazzabi ƙasa da 10⁰C kuma sama da 38⁰C yana cutar da kyallen jikin tsire-tsire ta yadda zai rage ayyukan ilimin lissafi. Yana bunƙasa da kyau a cikin zafin jiki 10⁰C zuwa 30⁰C tare da mafi kyawun kewayon zafin jiki shine 21-24⁰C. Matsakaicin zafin jiki ƙasa da 16⁰C kuma sama da 27⁰C ba kyawawa bane. Itacen ba ya jure sanyi, yana buƙatar ƙarancin ruwan sama zuwa matsakaici, kuma yana yin kyau a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin matsakaicin kowane wata na 21 zuwa 23.⁰C. A guji damuwa na ruwa da tsawon lokacin bushewa saboda yana haifar da tsagewar 'ya'yan itace. Hasken rana mai haske a lokacin saita 'ya'yan itace yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin ja masu duhu.

Karanta: Amfanin Takin Koren Leaf.

Irin Tumatir:

Ingantattun iri:

Arka Saurabh, Arka Vikas, Arka Ahuti, Arka Ashish, Arka Abha, Arka Alok, HS101, HS102, HS110, Hisar Arun, Hisar Lalima, Hisar Lalit, Hisar Anmol, KS.2, Narendra Tomato 1, Narendra Tumatir 2, Pusa Red Plum, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Ruby, Co-1, CO 2, CO 3, S-12, Punjab Chhuhara, PKM 1, Pusa Ruby, Payur-1, Shakthi, SL 120, Pusa Gaurav, S 12, Pant Bahar, Pant T3, Solan Gola and Arka Meghali.

F1 hybrids:

Arka Abhijit, Arka Shresta, Arka Vishal, Arka Vardan, Pusa Hybrid 1, Pusa Hybrid 2, COTH 1 Hybrid Tomato, Rashmi, Vaishali, Rupali, Naveen, Avinash 2, MTH 4, Sadabahar, Gulmohar da Sonali.

Bukatun zafin jiki don noman tumatir: 

Bukatun ƙasa don noman tumatir:

Tumatir yana da kyau sosai akan yawancin ƙasan ma'adinai, amma sun fi son damshin yashi mai zurfi, mai tsiro. Ya kamata saman saman ƙasa ya zama mai ƙura tare da yashi kaɗan da yumbu mai kyau a cikin ƙasan ƙasa. Zurfin ƙasa 15 zuwa 20cm yana tabbatar da cewa yana da kyau ga amfanin gona mai kyau. Noman mai zurfi na iya ba da izinin shigar da tushen isassun ƙasa a cikin nau'in yumbu mai nauyi, wanda ke ba da damar samarwa a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan ƙasa.

Tumatir shine amfanin gona mai jurewa matsakaici zuwa kewayon pH mai faɗi. An fi son pH na 5.5-6.8. Ko da yake tumatir tsire-tsire za su yi kyau a cikin ƙasa mai acidic tare da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da wadata. Tumatir yana da matsakaicin haƙuri ga acid ƙasa wanda shine pH na 5.5. Ƙasar da ke da ƙarfin riƙe ruwa mai kyau, aeration, kyauta daga gishiri an zaba don noman tumatir.

Karanta: Injin Noma da Kayan Aikin Noma.

Kasa mai girma a ciki kwayoyin halitta ba a ba da shawarar ba saboda yawan danshi na wannan kafofin watsa labarai da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Amma, kamar kullum, ƙari na Organic kwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙasan ma'adinai zai ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Zaɓin iri don noman tumatir:

Bayan samar da iri, ana zubar da marasa lafiya, da karyewar iri. A tsaba don shuka kamata ya kasance free daga inert kwayoyin halitta. Farkon germinating, m, uniform a cikin siffar da girman, tsaba ana zaba don shuka. Haɓaka iri daga ƙarni na F1 suna da fa'ida don shuka saboda yana ba da wuri da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa iri ɗaya, masu jure yanayin muhalli mara kyau.

Lokacin dasa shuki don noman tumatir:

1. Tumatir tsire-tsire ne wanda ba shi da tsaka tsaki a rana don haka ana samun shi sosai a kowane yanayi.
2. A filayen arewa ana shan amfanin gona guda uku amma a yankin da sanyin ya shafa rabi ba ya hayayyafa. Ana dashen amfanin gona na Kharif a watan Yuli, amfanin gona na rabi a watan Oktoba – Nuwamba da kuma amfanin gonar Zaid a watannin Fabrairu.
3. A cikin filayen kudanci inda babu haɗarin sanyi, ana yin dashen farko a watan Disamba-Janairu, na biyu Yuni-Yuli na uku a cikin Satumba-Oktoba dangane da wuraren ban ruwa da ake da su.

Irin Tumatir da shuka:

Tumatir ana noma shi gabaɗaya ta hanyar dasa shuki a kan tudu da furrows. A lokacin dasawa, tsire-tsire suna da wahala ta hanyar fallasa yanayin buɗewa ko ta hanawa ban ruwa. Ana buƙatar adadin iri na 400 zuwa 500g/ha.

Ana maganin iri da Thiram @ 3g/kg na iri don kariya daga cututtukan da aka haifa. Maganin iri tare da B. naphthoxyacetic acid (BNOA) a 25 da 50 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA3) a 5-20 ppm da chlorophenoxy acetic a 10 da 20 ppm an samo don inganta girma da yawan amfanin tumatir.

Ana shuka tsaba a watan Yuni don kaka hunturu amfanin gona da kuma lokacin bazara ana shuka tsaba a watan Nuwamba. A cikin tuddai, ana shuka iri a watan Maris. Tazarar da aka ba da shawarar don amfanin gona na kaka-hunturu shine 75 cm x 60 cm kuma don amfanin gona na bazara 75 cm x 45 cm.

Karanta: Dabarun Noman Kifin Snakehead.

Taki don noman tumatir:

Aiwatar da gonar gona da ta lalace sosai taki/takin @ 20-25 t/ha a lokacin shirya ƙasa kuma ku haɗu da ƙasa sosai. Adadin taki na 75:40:25 kg N:P ₂O₅:K₂Za a iya ba da o/hectare. Ana iya amfani da rabin adadin nitrogen, cikakken phosphorus da rabin potash a matsayin basal kafin dasawa. Ana iya amfani da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na nitrogen da rabin potassium bayan kwanaki 20-30 bayan dasa shuki. Za a iya amfani da ragowar adadin watanni biyu bayan dasa shuki.

Dasa dashen tumatir:

1. Ana yin dashen dashen ne a cikin ƙananan gadaje masu faɗi ko a cikin furrow marar zurfi dangane da samun ban ruwa.
2. A cikin ƙasa mai nauyi, yawanci ana dasa shi a kan tudu kuma a lokacin damina kuma yana da fa'ida don shuka tsire-tsire a kan tudu.
3. Don rashin daidaituwa iri / hybrids, seedlings dole ne a yi ta amfani da sandunan na ƙamshi na tsayin mita biyu ko kuma an dasa a cikin babban tudun na 90 cm nisa da 15 cm tsayi da 30 cm tsawo. An dasa tsire-tsire a cikin furrows a cikin tazarar XNUMX cm kuma an ba da izinin shuka ya yada a kan babban tudu.

Tazarar tsiron tumatir:

Tazarar da aka ba da shawarar don amfanin gona na kaka-hunturu shine 75 x 60 cm kuma don amfanin gona na bazara-rani 75 x 45 cm.

Shirye-shiryen Nursery da Kula da Tumatir:

Manufa shimfidar iri Ya kamata ya zama 60cm fadi, 5-6cm tsawo kuma 20-25cm tsayi. Ya kamata a cire gajimare da kututture daga tushen iri. Ƙara FYM mai siffa da yashi mai kyau a kan gadon iri. Ku kawo su zuwa ga wani gona mai kyau. Rage gado da Fytolon/Dithane M-45 @ 2-2.5 g/lit na ruwa. Zana layin tsakanin 10 zuwa 15cm a cikin tsawon tsayin shuka. Shuka tsaba a cikin layuka kaɗan, danna a hankali, rufe da yashi mai kyau sannan a rufe gado da bambaro. Ban ruwa da ya tashi iya. Bayar da seedbed sau biyu a rana har sai tsaba suyi girma. Cire bambaro bayan tsaba sun girma. Aiwatar da ɗan ƙaramin Thimet a matakin ganye 4-5. Fesa tsire-tsire tare da Metasystox/Thiodan @ 2-2.5 ml/littattafan ruwa da Dithane M-45 @ 2-2.5 g/lit ruwa.

Kula da ciyawa don noman tumatir:

1. Ana buƙatar fara faranta haske a cikin makonni huɗu na farko a filin wanda ke ƙarfafa haɓaka amma kuma yana kawar da ciyawa daga filin. Ƙasar saman tana kwance ta hanyar hoe da hannu da zarar ta bushe sosai bayan kowace ban ruwa ko shawa. Hakanan yakamata a cire duk ciyayi a cikin wannan tsari.
2. An samo ciyawa da bambaro, baƙar fata polythene da sauran abubuwa masu yawa a cikin kiyaye danshi, wajen magance ciyawa da wasu cututtuka.

Karanta: Amfanin Noman Kifin Biofloc.

Takin da ake amfani da shi wajen noman Tumatir:

Kamar yadda samar da 'ya'yan itace da ingancin ya dogara da wadatar sinadirai da aikace-aikacen taki don haka ana amfani da takin ma'auni kamar yadda ake buƙata. Nitrogen a cikin isasshen adadin yana ƙara ingancin 'ya'yan itace, girman 'ya'yan itace, launi, da dandano. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen ƙara ɗanɗano acidic kyawawa. Ana kuma buƙatar isasshen adadin potassium don girma, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da inganci. Ana iya amfani da Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) azaman taki mai farawa don samar da isassun phosphorus yayin germination da matakan seedling. Samun Calcium shima yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa pH na ƙasa da wadatar abinci mai gina jiki. Ƙasa mai yashi zai buƙaci ƙimar taki mafi girma, da ƙarin aikace-aikace na waɗannan takin mai magani saboda karuwar leaching mai mahimmanci na gina jiki. Ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da maganin farawa na micronutrient. Kafin dasa gonar gona taki @ 50 ton a kowace hekta ya kamata a haɗa shi. Yawan amfanin gonar tumatir yana buƙatar kilogiram 120 Nitrogen (N), 50 kg Phosphorus (P₂O₅, da 50kg Potash (K₂O). Ya kamata a ba da Nitrogen a cikin tsaga allurai. Rabin nitrogen da cikakken P₂O₅ ana ba da shi a lokacin dasawa kuma ana ba da ragowar nitrogen bayan kwanaki 30 da kwanaki 60 na dashen.

Yakamata a yi nazarin ƙasa da nama a duk lokacin girma da samarwa don tabbatar da mahimman abubuwan gina jiki suna cikin adadinsu da ma'auni. Binciken nama game da isasshiyar abinci mai gina jiki zai nuna matsayin mai gina jiki mai zuwa:

A halin da ake ciki yanzu, an gane cewa amfani da takin mai magani ya kamata a haɗa shi da shi sabuntawa da takin zamani masu dacewa da muhalli, ragowar amfanin gona da koren taki.