Kamar yadda bazara ta juye zuwa bazara, masu shuka greenhouse a duk faɗin ƙasar suna fara shirya don mafi tsayi, dumi, da ƙarin kwanaki masu ɗumi. Sun fara daidaita canjin yanayinsu da sake yin tsarin da suka kwashe watanni basa aiki. Wannan canjin zuwa yanayin mafi tsananin bazara na iya zama ƙalubale na gaske kuma babbar dama ga yawancin masu shuka.
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu tattauna kan manyan canje-canje guda uku waɗanda bazara ke kawowa zuwa wuraren shan iska (ƙarin haske, yanayin zafi mafi girma, da ɗimbin zafi) da kuma abin da masu shuka zasu iya yi don rage duk wani mummunan tasiri da kuma kiyaye yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayi mai kyau. Hakanan zamu raba wasu nasihu akan yadda za'a kara yawan amfanin gonarka a watannin bazara.
Haske mai haske / Photoperiod (DLI)
Farkon lokacin bazara yana haifar da canjin haske ga masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, musamman hotuna masu tsayi (ƙarancin rana) da ƙara ƙarfin haske, dukansu biyu suna ƙara haske na yau da kullun (DLI). Saurin saurin saurin amfanin gona yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin babban DLI; duk da haka, ƙara damuwar shuka abin damuwa ne. Misali, letas din kai ya tsiro da kyau a ƙarƙashin DLI na 17 mol · m-2· S-1, amma lokacin da DLI mafi kyau ya wuce, tsire-tsire na iya girma da sauri, wanda ke haifar da tipburn (cuta ta ilimin lissafi wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin alli da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta / ɓarna da ƙananan ganye).
Bugu da ƙari, kowane tsire yana da ƙofar ƙarfin ƙarfin haske wanda ya dace da kyakkyawar fa'idar samar da hotuna, kuma bayan wannan ƙofar, ƙaruwar haske ba shi da wani tasiri ko kuma mummunan tasirin tasirin hotunan. Don haka, a cikin watannin bazara yana da mahimmanci duka biyun suna da ma'aunin haske a cikin greenhouse a kowane lokaci kuma ku fahimci kayan aikin da kuke da su don sarrafa adadin hasken da zai isa amfanin gonarku, don kauce ma mummunan tasirin hakan haske da yawa
A matsayinka na mai tsire-tsire na greenhouse, kana da kayan aiki kaɗan a cikin kayan ka don rage haske mai shigowa. Unƙun inuwa suna daga cikin sanannun masana'antar. Sun zo cikin matakai daban-daban na transmissivity (ƙarfin sarrafawa), da kuma opaqueness (kulawar hoto). Idan mayafin inuwarka yana da mota, ka tabbata motarka tana aiki kafin lokacin bazara ya fara.
Baya ga zane-zanen inuwa, fentin inuwar latex wani kayan aiki ne na rage karfin haske. Ana iya fesa shi a farkon bazara kuma a wanke shi a ƙarshen. Idan da hannu aka yi amfani da shi, tabbatar da duba hangen nesa, saboda lokacin zai kiyaye muku kuɗi. Aiwatarwa da wuri ko kuma lokacin farin ciki zai rage adadin wadatar da ke akwai, saboda haka jinkirta haɓakar amfanin gona. Ingantaccen ma'aunin haske da fahimtar ilmin amfanin gonarku zai gaya muku lokacin da za ku yi amfani da inuwa. Tsarin inuwa mai tasiri a cikin watannin bazara yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye amfanin gonarka cikin lafiya, ƙarfi, da damuwa.
Hakanan, yayin da haske yake ƙaruwa, haka ma tsiren yake shan ruwan. Kasance cikin shiri domin daidaita abubuwan ban ruwa. Hakanan ƙila kuna buƙatar daidaita girke-girken takinku. Rabon ruwa zuwa abubuwan gina jiki da tsire-tsire ke ɗauka yana ƙaruwa yayin da haske ke ƙaruwa, don haka kuna iya buƙatar rage maganarku mai gina jiki EC (haɓakar wutar lantarki) don kula da karko-yankin EC mai karko.
Zafin jiki
Inara ƙarfin haske da photoperiod suna da haɗin kai tsaye zuwa yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse. Mai kama da ƙarin haske, ƙara yawan zafin jiki na iya samun sakamako mai kyau akan haɓakar tsire-tsire (saurin saurin ci gaba), amma kuma ƙananan ƙarancin ma. Yanayin zafin jiki ya daidaita tare da raguwar ƙwaya iri don amfanin gona da yawa, ƙarancin tsufa a cikin latas, rage haɓakar fure a cikin strawberries, da kuma rage 'ya'yan itace da aka saita a cikin strawberries, barkono, da tumatir. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yawancin kwari suna da lokacin haifuwa cikin sauri a cikin ɗumi mai zafi, suna buƙatar ƙarin aikace-aikacen haɗin kwari masu yawa (IPM).
Idan ba'a sarrafa shi da kyau ba, zafin bazara zai kashe kuɗin greenhouse. Kafin lokacin rani ya zo, tabbatar cewa tsarin sanyaya ku yana aiki kuma yana aiki. Wurin wucewa da aiki wanda aka sanya shi don lokacin sanyi ya zama ba tare da toshewa ba. Za a fara amfani da magoya bayan shaye-shaye na tsawon awanni kuma ya kamata a bincika su don daidaitawa, aiki, da shafa mai idan ya cancanta.
Yakamata a sanyaya masu sanyaya kumburin iska da matsin lamba mai sanyi (fadama) don kwararar abubuwa. Idan ba a tsabtace shi da kyau ba a lokacin kaka, bututu na iya daskarewa kuma ya fashe. Idan kun yi amfani da tsarin sanyaya hazo, ana bukatar a duba abubuwan tsafta da kuma tsabtace abubuwan toshewa don tabbatar da cewa idan zafin ya zo, kun shirya. Adana greenhouse ɗinka zuwa yanayin yanayin yanayin da ya dace a cikin watannin bazara yana da matukar mahimmanci don ci gaban amfanin gona mai ƙwari da lafiya da amincin ma'aikatanka na greenhouse.
dangi zafi
Lightara haske a cikin watanni na rani yana kawo ba kawai yanayin ɗumi mai ɗumi ba amma har da ƙaruwar zafi. Duk da yake mafi yawan masu shuka sun riga sun sa ido kan danshi, wannan kawai yana samar da tururin ruwa wanda yake cikin iska a halin yanzu ba nawa bane zai iya riƙewa. Tunda yawan narkar da ruwa a iska ya banbanta azaman aikin zafin jiki, danshi dangi ba shine mafi kyaun hangen nesa na dashen shuka da asarar ruwa ba. Arancin matsi na tururi (VPD), a gefe guda, shine bambanci tsakanin adadin danshi da ke cikin iska da kuma yadda zai iya ɗauka a jikewa.
Wannan ya sa VPD ya zama mai hangen nesa mai amfani a cikin greenhouse. Yanayin zafi mai zafi na iya jin danshi, amma iska mai dumi tana da karfin rike ruwa kafin takurawa zuwa saman ganyayyaki da ke dakatar da zubar ruwa. Saboda haka, akwai buƙatar sa ido sosai don kauce wa matsi na ruwa. Idan tsarin aikin ban ruwa yana kan lokaci, yana iya buƙatar a gyara shi don lokacin canzawa.
Don taimakawa rage danshi mai ƙarancin dangi (low VPD), duba don rage duk wani ruwa mai ƙayatarwa da aka gabatar ga greenhouse. Ruwa na ruwa daga benen dumama yanayi, rike da tankokin ruwa, tushen tushe, da sauran wurare, gami da watsa ruwa, duk suna kara danshi a cikin greenhouse. A yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin dangi (low VPD), an fi son ƙwayoyin cuta kamar botrytis (launin toka-toka) da fure-fure mai laushi. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa da yawa na rashin lafiyar jiki kamar ƙwan zuma a cikin letas da furannin ƙarshen ruɓaɓɓen tumatir suna cikin haɗari a cikin yanayi mai laima.
Amfani da magoya baya na iska ko na tsaye yana inganta ƙarancin ɗabi'ar microclimate / VPD kuma yana rage ƙwarewa ga rikice-rikicen ilimin lissafi ko cuta. Ari akan haka, ana iya buƙatar ci gaba ko musayar iska mai yawa a cikin greenhouse don sauƙaƙa ƙarancin ɗimbin dangi ta hanyar wucewa ko iska mai aiki. Hakanan, idan ana amfani da tsarin ɓoye don sanyaya, tabbatar cewa suna aiki ne kawai lokacin da tsire-tsire ke da wadataccen lokacin bushewa kafin magariba lokacin da yanayin ƙwarin waje ke ƙaruwa.
Duk da yake waɗannan canje-canjen yanayi na bazara suna haifar da ƙalubale da yawa don shawo kansu, su ma suna iya ƙirƙirar dama da dama don haɓaka samarwa da samun kuɗin shiga. Zazzafan yanayi a cikin greenhouse na iya baka damar shuka albarkatu masu son zafi kamar basil wanda ƙila baza ku iya girma ba a wasu lokuta. Tsawon kwanaki da ƙarin haske na iya rage haɓakar haɓaka don amfanin gona da yawa, wanda zai ba ku damar girbi da siyar da samfuran da sauri. Hakanan yanayi mai dumi yana fitar da mutane waje, wanda hakan ke haifar da karuwar bukatar gado da kuma shimfidar kasa. Kari akan haka, gidajen abinci, suna samar da shelf a shagunan kayan masarufi, da kasuwannin manoma duk suna ganin karuwar aiki a lokacin bazara, wanda ke haifar da bukatar samin sabbin kayan.
Wajibi ne ga masu noman girki su shirya greenhouse don watannin bazara masu zuwa, ba wai kawai don rage tasirin mummunan yanayin yanayi ba, har ma don shirya canje-canje a cikin samarwa da tallace-tallace, don kar a rasa duk wani kuɗin shiga.