Daga Montreal zuwa Kyoto ta hanyar Paris, wani sabon nau'in manoma na birane yana noman 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari ta hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa
Hasashen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nuna cewa yawan al'ummar duniya ya kai biliyan 9.7 nan da shekara ta 2050 - inda kashi 80 na su ke zaune a birane. Wannan shine yawan bakunan da za a ciyar. Amma abinci ga yawancin mazaunan birni yana zuwa daga dubban mil mil. A cikin kasar Amurka Iowa, wanda shi ne na uku mafi girma wajen noman noma, kashi 80 cikin 1,900 na abincin da ake ci ya yi tafiya fiye da kilomita XNUMX.
Idan har garuruwa na cikin matsalar, to dole ne su zama bangaren mafita. Yunkurin fuskantar kalubalen sabon nau'in manoman birane ne. Maganganun sun bambanta kamar garuruwanmu kuma galibi sun haɗa da fasahar zamani. "Muna bukatar ganin birnin a matsayin kalubale daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin noman birane daban-daban a matsayin kayan aiki a cikin akwatin kayan aiki. Babu wani girman-daidai-duk idan ana batun haɓaka tsarin abinci na gida da juriya,' in ji Henry Gordon-Smith, Shugabar Kamfanin. Aikin gona, kamfanin tsara aikin gona na birane.
Amma waɗannan ba gonakin kiwo na cikin birni ba ne na dā. Lufa Farms in Montreal, Kanada, yana ɗaya daga cikin majagaba kuma yana gina greenhouses a saman gine-ginen masana'antu sanye take da hydroponics, inda tsire-tsire ke girma a cikin ruwa mai wadatar ma'adinai.
Mohammed Hage, ɗan ƙaura daga Lebanon ne ya kafa kamfanin, kuma yanzu yana aiki da rufuna huɗu a duk faɗin Montreal. Da yake girma a wani ƙaramin gari wanda ya fi samar da nasa abinci, Hage ya rasa ɗanɗano da ingancin sabo, da ake nomawa a cikin gida a Montreal. "Babu wani abu game da aikin noma na birni da gaske na juyin juya hali ne, kawai wasan kwaikwayo ne na wani abu da ya tsufa sosai," in ji shi.
Garuruwa suna fama da tasirin 'tsibirin zafi na birni' saboda gine-ginen da ke maye gurbin ciyayi suna ɗaukar zafi - kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin kwandishan. Shi ya sa kuke jin zafi sosai a cikin birni, tare da ƙauyuka masu yawa galibi suna da zafi kaɗan fiye da wuraren kore. Gonakin birane na taimaka wa biranen 'regreen', rage yanayin zafi, fitar da CO2 daga iska da fitar da iskar oxygen.
Uku daga cikin gonakin Lufa suna kan rufin rufin da ba a yi amfani da su a baya ba, yayin da na huɗun da gangan aka tsara shi tare da rufin rufin. Yana da sauƙi a yi tunanin wannan digo ne kawai a cikin teku amma kowane mako suna girbi kilogiram 25,540 na 'ya'yan itace da ganyayyaki - kashi biyu cikin ɗari na bukatun abinci na Montreal. Sabon rukunin yanar gizon a Ville Saint-Laurent, yanzu mafi girma a cikin rufin rufin duniya, shi kaɗai ya kai kusan rabin wannan jimlar.
A Turai, Paris ce kan gaba a juyin juya hali, godiya ga majalisar birnin. Guguwar zafi a shekara ta 2003 ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 14,802 a Faransa. Don yaƙar tsibiran zafin birni, magajin garin Paris Anna Hidalgo ya tashi Parisculteurs shirin samar da kadada 100 na koren fili nan da shekarar 2020, inda kashi na uku ya kebe domin noman birane.
Kamfanonin da suka shiga kasuwa sun hada da Yanayin Urbaine, gonakin rufi mafi girma a duniya, wanda ke zaune a saman cibiyar baje kolin Porte de Versailles. Mai fadin murabba'in murabba'in mita 14,000, gonakin yana girma nau'ikan kayan lambu da ganyaye guda 30, tare da hayar kason 140 ga mazauna yankin. Sunan mahaifi Fraises, a halin yanzu, yana gudanar da gonaki na rufin rufin tara na samar da kayan amfanin gona masu mahimmanci kamar berries da hops.
Biranen galibi suna ƙarewa da wuraren da ba a yi amfani da su ba. La Caverne yana amfani da tsohuwar wurin shakatawa na mota na Paris. "Noma yaƙi ne na ƙasa da farko, don haka girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine mafita saboda yana da sauƙi kuma akwai sarari da yawa da ba a yi amfani da su ba," in ji wani wanda ya kafa Théo Champagnat. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan ayyukan sau da yawa suna buƙatar fitilun LED don gyara rashin hasken rana, don haka ana amfani da ƙarin makamashi. Ta hanyar zaɓin amfanin gona a hankali, La Caverne ya kauce wa wannan. Noman LED yana wakiltar ƙasa da kashi biyar na ayyukanmu. Chicory yana girma a cikin duhu cikakke kuma namomin kaza suna buƙatar haske kaɗan,' in ji Champagnat.
Yin aiki na iya zama babban farashi ga gonakin birane da yawa. Amma mai ban sha'awa, kamfanin Japan yada ya samar da babban gona mai sarrafa kansa na farko a duniya, Techno Farm Keihanna in Kyoto. 'Mafi girman girman sararin samaniya, yana da wahala don tabbatar da ingantaccen samarwa don dalilai kamar ingancin samfur, girman da yawa. A lokaci guda kuma, samar da daidaiton ya zama dole don daidaita ayyukan zuwa matakin da ake buƙata don ingantacciyar na'ura,' in ji kakakin Spread. Yanzu haka dai shukar na samar da ton uku na latas a kullum.
Automation ya magance mafi yawan ɓangarorin samarwa da suka haɗa da shuka, kiwon tsiro da safarar filayen noma. Kakakin yada labaran ya kara da cewa, "Muna tunanin hakan zai taimaka wajen kara sanya sha'awar noma ga matasa masu tasowa, da kuma bayar da gudummawar da za ta sa noma ya zama masana'antu mai dorewa." Ba wai kawai an samar da letus ɗin ba tare da maganin kashe qwari ba amma kuma yana ƙunshe da sau da yawa matakin beta-carotene (mahimmancin sinadirai) na latas ɗin ƙanƙara.
Hatta daidaikun mutane da ƙananan ƴan kasuwa na iya shiga aikin a LA Urban Farms'Tower Garden. Yin amfani da tsarin hasumiya mai ɗorewa, zai iya shiga cikin ƙaramin sarari kamar baranda. 'Yana daɗaɗa cin abinci cikin koshin lafiya lokacin da kuke da sabbin abinci da ke girma a bayan gida ko a gidan abincin ku saboda kuna da iko akan wadatar abincin ku,' in ji wanda ya kafa Wendy Coleman. Wannan hakika shine mafi dacewa abinci.