An gina shi daga 2004 har zuwa yanzu, akwai nau'ikan greenhouses da yawa a cikin garin Da Lat (Lam Dong lardin) daga mai araha zuwa babban matsayi, don haka ya zama dole a fitar da duk greenhouse daga cikin birni na ciki. aiwatar da yawancin hanyoyin daidaitawa da na dogon lokaci.
Kowane irin greenhouses a cikin Da Lat
Kwanan nan, ma'aikatar aikin gona da raya karkara ta lardin Lam Dong, ta gabatar da wata bukata ga kwamitin lardi na kasar, don amincewa da aikin gudanar da aikin lambu, da inganta ayyukan noma tare da fasahohin zamani, don daidaita yanayin sauyin yanayi a lardin Lam Dong. .
A cewar Sashen Noma da Raya Karkara na lardin Lam Dong, a shekarar 2004, kwamitin jama'ar lardin ya amince da shirin bunkasa aikin gona na zamani a tsakanin shekarar 2004 zuwa 2010. Sakamakon haka, ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2010, jimillar yankin na noma. Kwamitin jama'ar lardin ya amince da noman hi-tech a lardin Lam Dong. Dong yana da fiye da hekta 6,400, ƙimar da ake samarwa a kowane yanki na yanki na noma shine miliyan 76 VND/ha, tare da matsakaicin kudin shiga na miliyan 35-40 VND/ha. A cikinsa, yankin da ake yin greenhouse ya kai fiye da hata 1,100.
A wannan matakin, galibin gidajen da ake yin greenhouses an yi su ne da V3, V4 bamboo da firam ɗin ƙarfe da 1-2 yadudduka na fim ɗin nailan, galibi ana amfani da su don kare ruwan sama, ba tare da takamaiman ƙirar greenhouse ba, galibi don samar da iskar gas. ci gaba ba zato ba tsammani.
Sa'an nan, a cikin lokacin 2011-2015, yawan wuraren da ake noman greenhouse a Lam Dong ya karu zuwa fiye da 3,100ha. Haɓakawa da ƙimar kayan amfanin gona na zamani da kayayyakin kiwo ya ƙaru a matsakaita da sama da 30%, yana taimakawa haɓaka riba ga masu samarwa da sama da 40% idan aka kwatanta da kudaden shiga. Adadin kayayyakin noma da ake fitarwa ya kai kashi 80% na adadin yawan cinikin da lardin ke fitarwa.
Duk da haka, a cikin wannan lokacin, akwai kamfanoni da dama da suka shigo da kayan aikin gona daga kasashe masu ci gaba kamar Taiwan, Japan, Netherlands da dai sauransu, tare da hada su don kamfanonin da suka kware wajen samar da furanni da lambuna masu daraja. shiryawa. Ya zuwa yanzu, lardin Lam Dong yana da fiye da hekta 4,300 na greenhouses (ƙara fiye da ha 1,100 idan aka kwatanta da 2015).
Ma'aikatar Noma da Raya Karkara ta Lam Dong ta kuma haɗa kai tare da ƙungiyoyin da suka dace don yin bincike, bincike da gano nau'ikan tsire-tsire guda huɗu waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen samar da noma na zamani. A cikin abin da, nau'ikan 2 na manyan greenhouses sune 1A da 1B. Tsarin gine-ginen yana da rufin malam buɗe ido, buɗaɗɗen dome a gefe ɗaya tare da buɗaɗɗen 9.6-12.8m, tsayin gutter na 5m. 200 micron kauri 5-Layer polyethylene rufi membrane tare da anti-kura, anti-hazo, anti-virus, anti-UV Properties.
Nau'i biyu na tsakiyar matakin greenhouses, 2A da 2B, suna da buɗaɗɗen tsarin gine-ginen dome a gefe ɗaya tare da buɗewar 8-9.6m. An yi gidan bisa ga ƙira da ka'idojin gine-gine na gidajen gonaki na sauran ƙasashe da ka'idodin ƙira na kaya daidai da yanayin Vietnam.
Bugu da kari, 3 iri low-sa greenhouses 3A, 3B, 3C da greenhouse Tsarin 3A rufaffiyar dome, 3B bude dome, 3C rufin A-dimbin yawa tare da budewar 5.2-6m. Kashi 93% na gidajen da aka bincika ke amfani da wannan nau'in greenhouse. A halin yanzu, matsakaicin iskar gas da aka yi amfani da shi ya kai kashi 6% kawai, sauran manyan gidajen gine-ginen suna da kashi 1% kawai, galibi sun fi mayar da hankali kan gonaki masu babban jari.
Magani don kawo greenhouses zuwa cikin birni
Ta hanyar wani bincike da Ma'aikatar Noma da Raya Karkara ta lardin Lam Dong ta yi, a Ward 12, Da Lat City, rabon filin da ake noman koren kore ya kai kashi 83.7%. A halin yanzu, gundumomi 5, 7 da 8 sun wuce 60%. Wasu gundumomi a cikin garin Da Lat irin su ward 6, ward 3, ward 4, saboda tsadar filaye a cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata, an mayar da wurare da yawa a wuraren da ake gina gine-gine, ba a yi amfani da gidajen koli ba. . A Ward 6, akwai kadada 9.4 kacal da ya rage sannan kuma Ward 3 na da kadada 23.4 na greenhouses.
Haka kuma a cewar wannan Sashen, domin gudanar da aikin a kan jadawalin da aka tsara kuma ya samu sakamako mai yawa, akwai bukatar hukumomi su zage damtse tare da jagorantar jama’a don gina sabbin gidajen wuta da suka cika ka’idojin fasaha da kuma samun izinin gina gidaje. gilashi ta hanyar rajistar canje-canjen ƙasa.
Sabuntawa da ƙawata wuraren shakatawa don saduwa da ƙa'idodin fasaha, dasa bishiyoyi akan filaye da filaye don rage tasirin greenhouse.
Bugu da kari, canza kayan da ake samarwa a cikin greenhouses zuwa noma na waje, haɓaka wuraren shakatawa na zamani don inganta ingantaccen kayan aikin fasaha, fasahar IoT tare da yin amfani da manyan hanyoyin noma don haɓaka haɓaka aiki, inganci da ƙimar samfuran, yana ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye muhalli.
Bugu da kari, ta fuskar tsare-tsare na birane da hanyoyin kawata, ya zama dole a fitar da ka'idoji na wucin gadi kan ka'idojin fasaha na greenhouse, yawan gine-ginen gine-gine, da ka'idojin kula da greenhouse a lardin don sarrafa hayaki mai gurbata yanayi. gina gine-ginen greenhouses a lardin Lam Dong, wanda ya dace da shimfidar wuri da ainihin yanayin kowane yanki.
Ƙarfafa kula da wuraren noma bisa ga tsarin da aka amince da shi gabaɗaya da tsarin amfani da ƙasa. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da manufofi, iyakoki da manufar amfani da filayen noma bisa ga tsarin da aka amince da shi, ba don haɓaka ƙarin greenhouses a cikin birane ba.
“Lardin Lam Dong na bukatar tsara filayen noma a cikin birane domin samar da tsaftataccen aikin noma da noma ba tare da amfani da filayen noma ba, rage yawan filayen noma a birane, da kuma kara yawan noma a birane. Matsakaicin filaye na gine-ginen birane Ƙungiyoyin sun ɗauki matakin tsara tsare-tsare na ci gaban ƙasa mai dumbin yawa a wajen birane (yankin birni, wuraren noma na musamman) tare da tsare-tsare na gabaɗaya da tsare-tsaren amfani da ƙasa da aka amince da su. yarda.
Ana ba da shawarar cire fim ɗin filastik da ke kewaye da greenhouse kuma canza hanyar noma akan wannan ƙasar noma tare da namo na waje ko Semi-greenhouse (bayan 'yan yanayi, an cire rufin greenhouse don buɗe noma ko ginin greenhouse tare da rufin sarrafawa ta atomatik).
Musamman ma, a wuraren da ke da yawan ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin greenhouses, yankin greenhouse yana shafar yanayin muhalli. An zaɓi tsire-tsire don canzawa don tabbatar da yawan aiki, ingantaccen tattalin arziki da biyan buƙatun kasuwa, ba da fifikon zaɓin nau'ikan da suka dace da samarwa na zahiri", Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma da Raya Karkara ta kayyade mafita. domin aiwatar da aikin yadda ya kamata.
A lokaci guda, ba da lamuni na gidajen gine-gine, waɗanda ke da kaddarorin da ke haɗe da ƙasa, don gidajen gine-ginen da aka gina bisa ka'idoji da ka'idojin fasaha da kuma izini daga ikon da ke da ikon yin gini shine mafita ga matsalar. Littattafai kuma suna da sha'awar mutane da kasuwanci.
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