Strawberries sun kasance amfanin gona mai mahimmanci na shekaru masu yawa, amma ba tare da guje wa bala'i a cikin tafiya ba. A cikin 1950s, wani naman gwari mai ruɓewa da aka fi sani da jan ƙarfe ya lalata samar da strawberry na Amurka.
“Hukumar Binciken Aikin Noma ta USDA (ARS) ta kawo agaji, inda ta ceci masana’antar ta hanyar kiwo dimbin ciyayi na strawberry da za su iya jure wa jan karfe da sauran kalubale da masu noman ke fuskanta, kamar kwari, cututtuka, gajeriyar lokutan girma, da kuma tsangwama. na girbi da sufuri. Ayyukan ARS a cikin binciken strawberry ya wuce shekarun 50, kodayake," sun sanar.
"Kiwon Strawberry a wurin ARS a Beltsville, MD, ya riga ya fara hasken zirga-zirga," in ji Kim Lewers, masanin binciken kwayoyin halitta a Cibiyar Inganta Halittu ta ARS don 'Ya'yan itatuwa da Kayan lambu a Beltsville. USDA ta fara binciken strawberry a 1910 kuma ta gano yadda ake kiyaye strawberries ja ko da bayan gwangwani ko daskarewa. "Tsarin strawberry da USDA ta haɓaka sune farkon waɗanda suka tsira daga jigilar kaya, wanda ya haifar da masana'antar strawberry."
ARS na haifar da nau'ikan strawberry waɗanda ke da juriya na dabi'a ga ɓarkewar 'ya'yan itace kuma suna samar da 'ya'yan itace waɗanda ke daɗe da ɗanɗano bayan girbi, in ji Lewers. "Manoma ba dole ba ne su yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da ke hana lalacewa, kuma masu amfani za su iya jin daɗin duk ɗanɗanon strawberries na tsawon lokaci bayan siya."
Sawun muhalli
ARS tana taimakawa wajen haɓaka fasahar da ta yi alkawarin inganta sawun muhalli ga manoman strawberry. Fumi Takeda, mai bincike na horticulturist tare da Cibiyar Nazarin 'ya'yan itace Appalachian a Kearneysville, WV, yana aiki tare da abokan aikin masana'antu don haɓaka injin da ke kawar da buƙatar magungunan kashe qwari. Yana aiki ta hanyar haskaka hasken ultraviolet (UV) akan tsire-tsire da kwarinsu da dare.
Takeda ya ce "UV-C iska mai guba yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na arthropod ta hanyar lalata DNA ɗin su." Ana amfani da hasken UV-C akai-akai don kashe ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin haifuwar iska a asibitoci, jiyya na ruwa, benci na dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma kula da nama da kayan kiwon kaji.
"Amfani da hasken UV wajen samar da amfanin gona an iyakance shi saboda alluran da ake buƙata don kashe cututtukan shuka yakan haifar da lalacewar shuka, kamar konewar ganye da furen fure da lalatawa," in ji shi. "Bincikenmu ya kasance don haɓaka hanyoyin kula da UV-C waɗanda ke da babban tasiri ga cututtuka da sarrafa kwari ba tare da lalata tsire-tsire ba kuma suna da tsada."
Magani da dare
Takeda da abokan aikinsa sun gano cewa yin maganin strawberries da daddare ya ba su damar yin amfani da ƙananan allurai na hasken UV-C don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari da aka yi niyya yadda ya kamata, yayin da ba ya lalata tsire-tsire na strawberry. Sakamakon haka shine gonakin strawberry mai ɗorewa wanda ke adana kuɗi kuma yana taimakawa muhalli ta hanyar amfani da ƙarancin sinadarai.
Don ƙarin bayani:
Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Amurka
+ 1 202 720 2791
askusda@usda.gov
www.usda.gov