# noma #greenhousefarming #kayan lambu #kazakhstan #agriculturaleconomics #energycosts #gwamnati
Dangane da sabbin bayanai daga Energyprom.kz, yankin da ake amfani da shi a cikin greenhouse ya ragu daga kusan kadada 1,500 zuwa kadada 1,200 kacal, wanda ke wakiltar raguwar kashi 18.1%. Babban abin da ya ba da gudummawa ga wannan mummunan yanayin shine raguwar wuraren da ake nomawa a wuraren shakatawa na manoma, wanda ya nuna raguwar kadada 210.3 ko kuma 24.7% a cikin 2022. Gidajen gine-ginen masana'antu na masana'antar noma suma sun sami raguwa, kodayake ba su da mahimmanci, tare da raguwar hectare 43 ko kuma 16.4%.
Sakamakon raguwar wuraren da ake noma, yawan noman cucumbers da tumatir da aka noma a cikin ƙasa mai kariya a shekarar 2022 ya kai tan 182,400 kawai, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku ƙasa da tan 256,500 da aka girbe a 2021.
Yankunan kudancin Kazakhstan, da suka hada da Turkistan, Almaty, Zhambyl, da Shymkent, sun kai kashi 76.3% na dukkan kayan lambun da ake nomawa. Waɗannan yankuna suna da yanayi mai kyau, wanda ke sa ana samun arha a noman amfanin gona a cikin katafaren gini idan aka kwatanta da yanayin sanyi da ake fuskanta a yankunan arewa da gabas. Gonakin yankin Turkistan ne ke kan gaba wajen samar da kayan marmari ga kasuwannin Kazakhstan.
Koyaya, lokacin hunturu na 2022 ya yi mummunar tasiri a gonakin kore mai na kudanci saboda daskarewa da ba a taɓa gani ba. Kamfanonin gine-gine da yawa sun fuskanci asara mai yawa, tare da wakilin Saken Kanibekov na kungiyar manoman lambun lambun da lambuna na yankin Turkistan da Shymkent sun ba da rahoton cewa kashi 90% na gonakin noman noman kudanci na fuskantar fatara.
Daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen da manoman kudancin kasar ke fuskanta a lokacin damuna shi ne halin da ake ciki na samar da kwal. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ragu zuwa digiri 30 a ma'aunin celcius, yawancin gidajen da ake ginawa ba su da mai don dumama. Ko da ƙarancin zafin jiki na raguwa na ƴan kwanaki na iya lalata aikin kakar don amfanin gona na greenhouse. A sakamakon haka, manoma sun yi watsi da ton na tumatur da ba su girma ba.
Koyaya, ƙarancin man fetur da tsadar mai abu ɗaya ne kawai a cikin jerin abubuwan da ke hana ci gaban kasuwancin greenhouse a Kazakhstan. Sama da shekaru biyar kwararu daga kungiyar manoman Greenhouse ta Kudancin kasar ke aikewa da wasiku zuwa ga ma’aikatar noma, firaministan kasar, da shugaban kasa, inda suke nuna irin halin da wannan fannin noma yake ciki. Matsalolin masana'antu na tsarin suna haifar da tsadar kayan lambu, kuma a lokacin rani, amfanin gida ba zai iya yin gogayya da farashi tare da cucumbers da tumatir daga waje. Ko da la'akari da kayan aiki da sauran kuɗaɗen fitar da kayayyaki, masu sayayya daga ƙasashen tsakiyar Asiya da ke makwabtaka da su suna shiga kasuwar Kazakhstan a farashi mai rahusa. Wakilin kungiyar ya ambaci cewa manoman Kazakhstani suna aiki a karkashin yanayin da ba na gasa ba saboda bambance-bambance masu yawa a farashin kayan aiki.
Domin daidaita filin wasa ga masana aikin gona da 'yan kasuwa na Kazakhstan idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na kasashe makwabta, manoma sun dade suna kira ga gwamnati da ta gabatar da tallafin jihohi a kowace hekta don gidajen gonaki da kuma biyan diyya na albarkatun makamashi. A cewar ministan noma, Erbol Karashukeev, gwamnati a shirye take ta samar da irin wannan tallafin ga manoman greenhouse, amma dole ne su fara samun takardar shedar bin fasahar kere kere.
A halin da ake ciki, yayin da aka yi alƙawarin magance matsalolin manoma, farashin kayan lambu a cikin shagunan Kazakhstan ya zarce farashin abinci sosai. Wannan bambance-bambancen yana da kyau musamman idan aka kwatanta farashin cucumbers da matsakaicin fihirisar samfuran abinci. A lokacin koli na kayan lambu na greenhouse, daga Disamba zuwa Maris, farashin kowane kilogiram na cucumbers ya tashi daga 957 zuwa 1,244 tenge, karuwar 47.5% zuwa 56.8%. Sabanin haka, matsakaicin karuwar farashin ya kasance tsakanin 25% zuwa 26%.
Haka kuma farashin tumatir a lokacin kaka ya haura 1,000 tenge a kowace kilogiram, amma idan aka kwatanta da cucumbers, alkaluman hauhawar farashin tumatir ba su da yawa sosai, daga kashi 20% zuwa 32%.
Tabarbarewar wuraren da ake noman ciyayi a Kazakhstan na haifar da gagarumin kalubale ga fannin noma na kasar, musamman abin da ya shafi noman kayan lambu. Rage wuraren da ake nomawa da raguwar amfanin gona ya haifar da ƙarin dogaro ga kayan lambun da ake shigowa da su daga waje. Manoma na fuskantar cikas da dama, da suka hada da tsadar makamashi, dogaro da kayan da ake shigowa da su daga waje, da rashin isasshen tallafin gwamnati. Ana buƙatar matakan gaggawa, kamar tallafin jihohi da diyya na albarkatun makamashi, don farfado da masana'antar greenhouse da tabbatar da dorewa.