Yawancin kofi na duniya ana noman su ne a yankuna masu zafi. Koyaya, sauyin yanayi zai iya ba da damar kofi ya girma zuwa arewa - alal misali, a Florida.
Don fahimtar yadda hakan zai iya aiki, masana kimiyya tare da Jami'ar Florida sun riga sun haɓaka tsire-tsire na kofi a UF/IFAS Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Ilimin Tsirrai, kusan mintuna 30 kudu da babban harabar UF a Gainesville.
Wannan bincike na iya wata rana ya samar da ƙoƙon farin ciki na safiya mai asali a cikin Jihar Sunshine.
Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Kwalejin Injiniya ta UF Herbert Wertheim da UF/IFAS, wannan aikin yana samun tallafi ne ta hanyar tallafi daga Cibiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta USDA.
Climate
"Kofi wani amfanin gona ne na sha'awar duniya wanda ya riga ya fuskanci manyan kalubale saboda sauyin yanayi. A halin yanzu, duniya ta san kadan game da tushen tsire-tsire na kofi, gine-ginen su da aikin su a ƙarƙashin yanayin canjin yanayi. Tushen sune mahimman bayanai a cikin wannan tsari, ”in ji Rowland.
Koyaya, tushen ba su da sauƙin karatu - kuma ba kawai don suna ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba.
"Mafi yawan hanyoyin nazarin tushen rayuwa a ƙarshe sun haɗa da lalata tushen ko shuka tsire-tsire a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje na wucin gadi," in ji Chris Wilson, mataimakin farfesa a fannin aikin gona a sashen aikin gona, kuma memba na ƙungiyar binciken kofi. Stefan Gerber, mataimakin farfesa a sashen kimiyyar ƙasa da ruwa, shi ma yana cikin wannan ƙungiyar.
Don fahimtar yadda kofi ke tsiro a cikin filin, masu binciken suna amfani da minirhizotrons, bututun filastik masu tsabta tare da ƙananan kyamarori a ciki. Ana sanya na'urorin a ƙarƙashin ƙasa tare da tsire-tsire don yin rikodin hotunan tushensu.
Minirhizotrons suna tattara bayanai da yawa wanda zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don wani ya tantance su duka, in ji Rowland.
Tsarin hoto na hyperspectral
Don haka ne masana kimiyyar UF/IFAS ke hada kai da Alina Zare da Sanjeev Koppal a Kwalejin Injiniya don yin amfani da fasahar kere-kere da fasahar koyon injin don ingantawa da saurin aiwatar da hakan.
Zare zai haɓaka hanyoyin basirar ɗan adam don aiwatarwa ta atomatik da fahimtar hoton minirhizotron. Koppal zai haɓaka sabon tsarin hangen nesa na tushen kwamfuta don ɗaukar ƙarin bayani game da tushen da ƙasa da ke kewaye da su fiye da yadda ake iya samu daga tsarin minirhizotron na yanzu.
Wannan aikin misali ɗaya ne na yadda masu binciken UF ke amfani da basirar ɗan adam don ciyar da fannin noma na Florida gaba. A matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken, Zare ya ce masu binciken za su yi amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta HiPerGator 3.0 don gwada algorithms da suka haɓaka don nazarin bayanai daga minirhizotrons. HiPerGator 3.0 yana cikin haɗin gwiwar $ 70 miliyan tsakanin Nvidia da UF kuma zai haifar da ƙarin waɗannan ayyukan bincike na AI a duk faɗin jami'a.
“Saitin bayanai na Minirhizotron suna da girma sosai, suna buƙatar sarrafa hoto da yawa, kuma suna cike da babban bambancin auna idan aka yi la’akari da ƙananan abubuwan da ke tattare da su. Duk waɗannan matsalolin sun dace da hanyoyin koyon injin,” in ji Rowland. "Mun yi imanin cewa algorithms na yanzu da ke ƙarƙashin haɓaka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwarmu za su iya yin aiki da kai da haɓaka ɓangarorin tattara bayanai daga bayanan minirhizotron."
Citrus mafaka
Minirhizotrons za su tattara bayanai daga tsire-tsire na kofi da ke girma a UF/IFAS Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Ilimin Tsirrai, inda masu binciken suka dasa kofi tare da bishiyar citrus.
“Coffee na da matukar damuwa da sanyi, don haka tunaninmu shi ne mu yi kokarin shuka shi da wata bishiyar da za ta iya kare shi. Bugu da kari, citrus grove ya sanya tsarin kariya na daskare, ta yadda hakan ma zai iya kare kofi,” in ji Rowland.
Yayin da masu binciken ke noman kofi tare da citrus don dalilai masu amfani a yanzu, haɗin gwiwar na iya zama wata rana ta fuskar tattalin arziki, in ji su.
"Kamar yadda muka kara tunani game da shi, za mu iya kuma gano hadewar citrus da kofi a matsayin tsarin da za a yi amfani da shi a Florida - watakila wani zaɓi na gaba da masu noman citrus za su yi la'akari. Wannan hanya ce ta kashe - tambayoyi daban-daban da dabaru za a yi aiki da su - amma tabbas sun cancanci bincike, ”in ji Wilson.
Baya ga binciken yadda tushen shuke-shuken kofi nasu ke aiki, masu binciken suna kuma sha'awar yadda kofi na Florida ke dandana. Suna shirin gasawa da yin burodin gwaji.
“Rukunin bincikenmu sun sami ingantaccen gasasshen kofi na ƙaramin tsari. Mun yi farin cikin gwada hanyoyin gasa iri-iri akan waken kofi da muke samarwa, ”in ji Rowland.
Don ƙarin bayani:
UF/IFAS
www.ifas.ufl.edu