Dukansu mutane da tumatir sun zo da siffofi da girma dabam dabam. Wato saboda kowane mutum yana da nau'i na musamman na bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta - maye gurbi-wanda ya shafi yadda kwayoyin halitta ke aiki da aiki. Haɗe tare, miliyoyin ƙananan bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta suna sa da wuya a iya hasashen yadda wani takamaiman maye gurbi zai yi tasiri ga kowane mutum. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) Farfesa da Howard Hughes Mai binciken Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya Zach Lippman ya nuna yadda bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta a cikin tumatir na iya yin tasiri kan yadda wani takamaiman maye gurbi ke shafar shuka. Yana aiki don samun damar yin hasashen illar maye gurbi akan nau'in tumatir daban-daban.
Haɗuwa daban-daban na maye gurbi na iya shafar girman tumatir ba tare da annabta ba. A cikin wannan hoton, shafi na farko yana nuna tumatir (WT) da ba a canza ba. Rukunin na biyu da na uku suna nuna tumatir tare da maye gurbin guda ɗaya a cikin yanki na mai talla (R1 ko R4) don girman jinsin 'ya'yan itace SlCV3. Maye gurbin mutum ɗaya yana da ɗan tasiri akan girman 'ya'yan itace. Amma haɗin waɗannan maye gurbi guda biyu (R1 + R4) yana haifar da 'ya'yan itace mafi girma.
A cikin wannan binciken, Lippman da tawagarsa sun yi amfani da CRISPR, ingantaccen kayan aikin gyara kwayoyin halitta da aka yi niyya, akan kwayoyin tumatir guda biyu da ke sarrafa girman 'ya'yan itace, SlCV3 da SlWUS. Sun haifar da maye gurbin tumatir sama da 60 ta hanyar cire ƙananan DNA a cikin yankuna masu tallatawa, yankuna kusa da kwayoyin halittar da ke sarrafa maganganun su. A wasu lokuta, maye gurbi na ɗaiɗaikun ya ƙaru da ɗan girman tumatir. Wasu nau'i-nau'i na maye gurbi ba su canza girman 'ya'yan itace ba kwata-kwata. Haɗin haɗin kai kaɗan ya haifar da ban mamaki, haɓakar girman 'ya'yan itace mara tsinkaya. Lippman ya ce: “Hakikanin Grail mai tsarki a cikin duk wannan don kiwo amfanin gona shine tsinkaya. Idan na canza wannan jeri, zan sami wannan tasirin. Domin akwai wannan teku ta wasu bambance-bambancen da yanayi ya tara kusa da maye gurbin da kuke aikin injiniya, da kuma warwatse ko'ina cikin kwayoyin halitta, wanda yawancinsu na iya yin tasiri ga takamaiman maye gurbi da kuke ƙirƙira."
Wannan kewayon mu'amala don kowane maye gurbi guda biyu yana misalta sakamakon maye gurbi guda ɗaya da ke faruwa a cikin mabambantan yanayin halitta. Tasirin ya yi kama da waɗanda aka samu a wasu cututtuka na ɗan adam, inda wasu mutane za su iya samun wasu sauye-sauyen da suka rigaya sun kasance waɗanda ke kare su daga rikiɗewar cututtuka.
Lippman da tawagarsa za su ci gaba da ƙididdige yadda rikiɗewar mutum da haɗin gwiwar ke shafar wasu halayen amfanin gona. Ya zuwa yanzu, sun auna ma'amala tsakanin maye gurbi guda biyu, amma kwayoyin halitta suna da miliyoyin bambance-bambance. Lippman yana fatan yin nazarin isassun ma'amala mai aunawa don sa kiwo ya fi tsinkaya da inganci.
Don ƙarin bayani:
Labari Harbor Laboratory Labour
www.cshl.edu