Robot din sun isa filayen California. Wannan lokacin rani, a tarakta mai tuka kanta an gan shi suna aiki layuka na inabi a kwarin Napa. An kwatanta shi da kama da "cart ɗin golf mai miya", tarakta yana aiki akan baturin lantarki kuma ana iya sarrafa shi daga nesa tare da app.
Daga kudu, robots girbi strawberry sun kasance suna tsintar 'ya'yan itace. Cikakke da ƙafafu, hannaye masu tsintsiya da tire mai kamawa, wanda ya yi ta ya yi iƙirarin cewa injin na iya ɗaukar kusan berries masu yawa kamar ɗan adam da daidaiton kashi 95%.
Juyin juyin-juya-halin fasahar ag-tech na duniya ya kara habaka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan yayin da matsalar yanayi ke kawo cikas ga manoma da amfanin gona, kuma annobar ta ci gaba da kawo cikas ga ma'aikata da masana'antu suka dogara da su. A ciki California, inda ake kerawa da gwada yawancin wannan fasaha, hakan ya haifar da tambayoyi masu sarkakiya ga ma’aikatan gonakin jihar.
Ba duk ma'aikata suna kallon sarrafa kansa a matsayin wani abu mara kyau ba, masu fafutuka sun ce, saboda yana da yuwuwar rage sassa masu wahala na aikin. Amma kuma suna fargabar ana yin gaggawar yin aiki da kai ba tare da shigar da su ba, kuma ta hanyar da za ta baiwa masu gonaki, masu haɓaka fasaha da masu saka hannun jari ba tare da la’akari da illar da ma’aikata ke yi ba.
Muhawara ce da ta zo yayin da tuni ma'aikatan gonaki na California ke fafutukar neman karin hakki da kariya. A watan Agusta, United Farm Workers, ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gona mafi girma a Amurka, sun kammala aikin kwanaki 24, mil 335. tafiya zuwa babban birnin kasar a Sacramento, yana neman gwamnan, Gavin Newsom, ya sanya hannu kan wani kudirin doka wanda zai sauƙaƙa haɗin kai ba tare da tsoro da tsoratarwa daga masu ɗaukar ma'aikata ba. (Newsom, wanda ya mallaki gonar inabin, har yanzu bai sanya hannu ba lissafin duk da matsa lamba daga Fadar White House a wannan makon.)
“Batun iri ɗaya ne game da sarrafa kansa a kowace masana'anta, shin zai maye gurbin ayyuka? Kuma, idan haka ne, shin yana maye gurbin ayyuka tare da albashi mafi girma?" in ji Maria Cadenas, shugabar zartarwa ta Santa Cruz Community Ventures mai zaman kanta, kungiyar da ke ba da tallafin kudi da shirye-shirye ga iyalai masu karamin karfi a yankin Monterey Bay.
"Muna duba tsarin da ba a tsara su don raba dukiya ba, muna duban tsarin da aka tsara don ci gaba da hakowa da gina dukiya ga masu su."
Ta buga misali da yadda injina ke shigo da shi girbin tumatir a cikin 1960s ya haifar da kimantawa Ma'aikatan gona 32,000 rasa ayyukan yi da kuma korar daruruwan kananan gonaki daga kasuwanci. Rubutu kan tasirin sarrafa tumatur da sarrafa kansa a cikin a 1978 labarin ga al'ummar kasar, shugaban ma'aikata na gona Cesar Chavez ya ba da haske game da farashin ɗan adam na wannan "fasahar mai ban mamaki".
"Bincike ya kamata ya amfana kowa da kowa, ma'aikata da masu noma," in ji shi.
Amfani da rikici azaman wurin siyarwa
Silicon Valley yana zaune tare da babban yankin tsakiyar kwarin da aka sani da kwanon burodin Amurka, inda wani an kiyasta 25% na abincin kasar da ake nomawa da girbe ta dubun dubatar ma'aikata. A cikin 2020, haɓaka fasahar Ag-tech a California ya samu $5.6bn a cikin kuɗaɗen jari, fiye da jihohi huɗu masu zuwa idan aka haɗa, wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 20% na jimlar kuɗin duniya a cikin masana'antar.
Kwayar cutar ta Covid-19 ta gabatar da sabbin damammaki ga Silicon Valley don kafa fasahar ta, in ji Emily Reisman, mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin muhalli da dorewa a Jami'ar Buffalo. A ciki takardar 2021, Reisman yayi nazarin yadda webinars da gabatarwar kai tsaye a cikin abubuwan fasaha na 45 daga Maris 2020 zuwa Satumba 2020 sun tattauna yuwuwar da ba a iya amfani da su ba.
"Zai zama babban kuskure idan aka shiga cikin filin wasa ba tare da ambaton coronavirus ko annoba ta duniya ba," in ji wani Babban Jami'in Farko na Ag-tech ya gaya wa takwarorinsa a cikin gidan yanar gizon yanar gizo kan tallafin farawa yayin bala'in. Wani wanda ya kafa fasahar Ag-tech ya yi na'am da wannan ra'ayi, yayin da shuwagabannin kuma suka yi iƙirarin cewa ana fargabar ƙarancin ma'aikata a shirye don haɓaka aikin sarrafa kansa.
Reisman ya bayar da hujjar cewa yin amfani da rikice-rikice a matsayin wurin siyar da kasada yana da alaƙa da keɓance aiki da kai azaman altruistic, da ɓoye tasirin ma'aikatan gona waɗanda za a iya raba su da muhallansu.
Reisman ya ce "Yawancin mutanen da ke da ma'aikatan gona ba lallai ba ne su yi tsayayya da sarrafa kansa, yawancinsu suna tsufa, yawancinsu suna ganin waɗannan kayan aikin za su iya sauke wasu nauyin aikin gona," in ji Reisman. "Amma, idan muka yi tunanin cutar ta zama hujjar su, akwai wasu haɗari."
Reisman ya ce sarrafa kansa kuma na iya haifar da haɗarin shige da fice ga ma'aikatan gona, waɗanda yawancinsu sun fito daga Latin Amurka. Kungiyoyin gona sun kasance manyan masu goyon baya don gyare-gyaren shige da fice da ke tallafawa ma’aikatan baƙi da baƙi da ba su da takardar izini, ta bayyana, amma tallafin na iya raguwa ko ɓacewa yayin da injina ke rage dogaron masana’antu ga ma’aikatan ƙasashen waje.
Yi la'akari da tarihi
Wasu sun ce yayin da injina ke ƙaruwa, da wuya ma’aikatan gona su zama marasa aiki. Akwai wasu ayyuka da mutum-mutumi ba za su iya yi ba, in ji Giev Kashkooli, darektan siyasa da na majalisar dokoki na United Farm Workers of America, kamar sanin ko wane amfanin gona ne ke shirin debo shukar da za a iya tattarawa da sayar da ita. baya ga rashin balaga ko rubabben amfanin gona.
Armando Elenes, mai shirya ma'aikacin gona kuma sakataren ma'ajin kungiyar Ma'aikatan gona ta United, ya gaya Civil Eats a cikin 2020 cewa yana da shakkun cewa robots za su maye gurbin ma'aikatan gona, wanda ya ce an kwashe sama da shekaru goma. Ya ce kungiyar ta fi mayar da hankali wajen kare ma’aikata, hakkokinsu da kuma fadada tushen kungiyar.
Ma'aikatan gona sun kasance tarihi rashin kulawa ta hanyar masana'antar noma kuma dole ne su tsara tare da yin gwagwarmaya don samun nasarar yanayin aiki da albashinsu. Ricardo Salvador, wani babban masanin kimiyya kuma darekta na Shirin Abinci da Muhalli a Ƙungiyar Masana kimiyyar da ke damuwa, ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan tarihin yana buƙatar masu ba da shawara ga sababbin fasahohi idan za su ci gaba da amfanar da aka alkawarta.
"Ma'aikata su ne [waɗanda] ke ba da gudummawa ga ƙasa kuma suna samun riba mai yiwuwa ga manoma, makiyaya da masana'antu," in ji Salvador, kuma ya ba da shawarar wannan ilimin ya kamata a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar kamfanonin fasaha da ke neman haɓakawa.
"Yin aiki tare da ma'aikatan gonaki, wadanda su ne mutanen da suka fi sanin yadda ayyukan ke gudana, da kuma sanya su a matsayin abokan tarayya da masu cin gajiyar ci gaban fasaha," in ji shi, "na iya haɓakawa kuma watakila ma inganta aikace-aikacen sa. .”
Tushe: https://www.theguardian.com/