A zamanin yau, kayan lambu na halitta sun zama nau'i na al'ada. Kowa a zahiri ya damu da noman kwayoyin halitta, ta haka ne ke kauracewa nitrates da sinadarai. Kuma buƙatun kayan lambu da ake nomawa a gidajen lambuna na karuwa a kasuwanni. Amma akwai kuma waɗanda suka yi imani cewa tumatir da cucumbers a cikin greenhouse ana ciyar da su tare da "sinadarai", kuma ba a haɗa su da ma'adanai ba. Kwamitin edita na kamfanin dillancin labarai na "Chechnya A Yau" tare da shugaban Sashen "Agrotechnology" na Jami'ar Jihar Chechen mai suna AA Kadyrov Nurbek Adaev sun gano ko da gaske haka lamarin yake kuma menene amfanin kayan lambu da aka shuka a ciki. yanayin greenhouse.
Greenhouses na IV tsara
A cikin Jamhuriyar Chechnya, an samar da ayyuka da dama da ke da nufin inganta muhalli da inganta kayan lambu da kuma aiwatar da su bisa tushen Technopark na AA Kadyrov CHSU. Don haka, musamman, ana aiwatar da wani aiki don haɓaka fasaha don inganta ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki na tumatur da cucumbers a cikin yanayin ƙasa mai kariya.
Makasudin aikin sun haɗa da: Ƙayyade matsananci (kofa) ƙimar buƙatun tumatir da tsire-tsire kokwamba a cikin maganin gyara mai dauke da carbohydrate; kayyade mafi kyau duka abun da ke ciki na Organic acid na gyara gyara, domin rage fitar da carbohydrates (filastik abubuwa) na shuka kwayoyin da hannu a samuwar amfanin gona da kuma kayyade daidaito tsakanin binciken sigogi da yawan amfanin ƙasa tumatir da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa. kokwamba.
Marubuta da masu kula da aikin yakamata su lissafta alaƙar da ke tsakanin sigogin da aka yi nazari da yawan amfanin tumatir da cucumbers waɗanda aka shuka a cikin yanayin ƙasa mai karewa ga kowane rukunin greenhouse.
A cewar shugaban Sashen "Agrotechnology" na ChSU Nurbek Adaev, don ƙasa mai kariya, ci gaban fasaha ya haɗa da amfani da sababbin nasarorin kimiyya da ayyuka mafi kyau.
"Ana sanya manyan gidajen gine-gine na zamani na IV ko V suna aiki sosai a duk faɗin duniya," in ji ƙwararren. – Menene IV tsara greenhouses nufi? Wannan shi ne hydroponics - duk abin da ke kan mafita kuma babu ƙasa. Dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin rayuwar shuka ana tsara su: haske, zafi, zazzabi. Ana samar da Carbon dioxide ta hanyar wucin gadi."
Komai yana da mahimmanci
A cewar kwararre, a kowane yanayi akwai rashi ko yalwar wani abu. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a koma zuwa inganta duk abubuwan da aka gyara.
“Tsarin, kamar mutum da dabba, yana numfashi. Yana numfashi duk lokacin da yake raye. Bambancin tsire-tsire, ba kamar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ba, shine cewa suna da autotrophic - suna ciyar da kansu ta hanyar ɗaukar hasken rana da amfani da ruwa da oxygen don samar da kwayoyin halitta daga abubuwan ma'adinai marasa rai. A cikin tsarin photosynthesis, dukkanin abubuwa suna da mahimmanci, "in ji N. Adaev.
Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan shine abinci mai gina jiki na carbon. Iskar ta ƙunshi kusan 400 - 420 ppm - wannan alama ce ta haɗuwa da CO2. Indexididdigar ppm mafi kyau don ingantaccen photosynthesis shine 850-1000.
"Mun gudanar da bincikenmu," in ji Nurbek Adayev. – An raba greenhouse zuwa 5 keɓance dakuna. Kuma mun sami damar daidaitawa a cikin wasu ƙididdiga na CO2. Kuma mun ga cewa haɓaka matakin CO2 yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Radiyoyin hasken rana, ruwa, da zafin jiki suma suna da hannu cikin halayen photosynthesis. To, a zahiri chlorophyll koren launi ne a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da ikon ɗaukar wannan makamashi kuma a cikin tsarin halayen biochemical yana samar da kwayoyin halitta daga abubuwan da ba su da tushe. Mun samar da tsari kuma a yanzu muna son bayar da haƙƙin mallaka.”
Greenhouses - mugunta labari ne
Wasu daga cikin al'umma har yanzu suna tunanin cewa kayan lambu da tumatir "cinyewa" da sinadarai ana shuka su a cikin greenhouses. Wai, ana zubar da su kullum tare da abubuwa masu cutarwa don haɓaka siffar da ba da kayan lambu mai kyau. Kwararren ya ƙi yarda da wannan.
"Don sanya shi a hankali, wannan ba daidai ba ne. Zan ma ce wannan kuskure ne sosai,” in ji shi. - A cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na duniya da, musamman, a cikin Jamhuriyar Chechen, duk matakan kare kayan lambu daga kwari da cututtuka suna da kariya ta musamman. Ana amfani da ilimin halittu, ba sunadarai ba."
A cikin yanayin greenhouse, ana kiyaye shuka a cikin yanayin haɓaka babban rigakafinta. Irin wannan shuka zai iya tsayayya da kowane ciwo.
N. Adaev ya ce "A cikin Jamhuriyar Chechen, musamman ma a kan rukunin gine-ginen Yugagroholdin, kayan lambu masu inganci ne kawai ake nomawa." - Muna ƙoƙarin yin samfurin halitta - samfurin eco-product. Shi ya sa muka dauki matsayi na farko a Rasha ta fuskar inganci. "
Hanyoyin fasaha sun bambanta, hanya ɗaya ce
A cikin greenhouses na Jamhuriyar Czech, galibi ana shuka amfanin gona biyu: tumatir da cucumbers. An kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na musamman a kan eggplant, koren ganyen latas da barkono. Akwai tumatur da ke girma kwanaki 365 a shekara, kuma akwai masu bukatar shekaru. Misali, wasu nau'in tumatir suna girma har tsawon shekaru uku.
“Fasaha na noma sun bambanta, amma tsarin tsari ne. Idan ka gano rabon abubuwan da ake bukata, to, za ka iya samun mafi kyawun dabi'u, - ƙwararren ya yi imani. – Our jami'a da aka aiki a kan wani shirin inganta gina jiki mafita na meristemic haifuwa. Wannan babban aiki ne, babban aikin kimiyya. Mun ci gaba da ingantawa na gina jiki mafita ga salon salula haifuwa na inabi, strawberries da 'ya'yan itace da Berry amfanin gona. Abubuwan da aka gyara an inganta su, an sabunta su akan tsarin hormonal da bitamin. Sharuɗɗa na musamman suna da mahimmanci don yin kwayoyin halitta daga tantanin halitta. Masana kimiyya sun haɓaka ainihin yanayin kiwo. Mun inganta su kuma a lokaci guda mun sami kashi mafi girma na adadin rayuwa na waɗannan sel, da kyau, haɗin haifuwa. Wannan kuma babbar nasara ce.”
An yi nasarar amfani da fasahohin da suka ci gaba a yanzu a kan ginin gine-ginen "Yugagroholding". Hakanan an yi amfani da ƙwarewar a cikin rukunin greenhouse na LLC "Rodina".
"Dalibanmu, waɗanda suka ga duk wannan, suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da kwarewarmu," in ji Nurbek Adayev.
Mun kara da cewa ginin gine-ginen "Yugagroholding" yana kan kadada 8.99 na ƙasa. Gidan greenhouse yana amfani da tsarin hasken wuta na assimilation (ƙarin tsarin haskakawa), saboda wanda ake gudanar da noman kayan lambu a duk shekara. An gina tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin 110/10 kV, layin wutar lantarki mai karfin kilo 110 mai tsayin kilomita 18.33. An shigo da dukkan hanyoyin sadarwa na injiniya ciki har da na baya-bayan nan, an hako rijiyoyi tare da sanya tasoshin ruwa.
Tushe: https://chechnyatoday.com