Masu bincike na Cambridge sun nuna cewa tsire-tsire na iya daidaita tsarin sinadarai na saman furanninsu don ƙirƙirar sigina mai ban sha'awa ga ƙudan zuma.
Duk da yake yawancin furanni suna samar da launuka masu launin launuka kuma suna aiki azaman abin gani ga masu yin pollin, wasu furanni kuma suna haifar da sifofi mai girma uku a kan filayensu na fure. Waɗannan madaidaitan juzu'i suna nuna takamaiman tsayin haske na musamman don samar da tasirin gani wanda ba koyaushe yake gani ga idanun ɗan adam ba, har yanzu ga kudan zuma.
Akwai gasa da yawa don kulawa daga masu pollinators kuma-idan aka yi la'akari da cewa kashi 35 cikin XNUMX na amfanin gonakin duniya sun dogara ga masu pollin dabbobi - fahimtar yadda shuke-shuke ke yin tsarin furen da zai faranta wa masu yin pollin damar yin mahimmanci don jagorantar bincike da manufofi na gaba a aikin noma, bambancin halittu da kiyayewa.
Binciken da ƙungiyar Farfesa Beverley Glover ta jagoranta a Sashen Kimiyyar Tsirrai na Cambridge ya nuna cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa game da ƙirar petal fiye da haɗuwa da ido. Sakamakon da ya gabata ya nuna cewa ƙwanƙwasa inji na bakin ciki, mai karewa abun yanka Layer a saman ƙananan furanni masu girma na iya haifar da samuwar ƙananan ridges.
Waɗannan ƙofofin da aka yi oda da yawa suna aiki azaman ɓangarorin rarrabuwa waɗanda ke nuna tsayin haske daban-daban don ƙirƙirar tasirin shuɗi-halo mai rauni a cikin bakan shuɗi-UV wanda bumblebees ke iya gani. Duk da haka, dalilin da ya sa ba a fahimci abin da ya sa waɗancan nau'ikan furanni kawai ke samuwa a cikin wasu furanni ko ma a kan wasu sassan petals kawai ba.
Edwige Moyroud, wacce ta fara wannan bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Farfesa Glover kuma yanzu tana jagorantar kungiyarta na bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Sainsbury, ta kirkiro hibiscus na Australiya, Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum), a matsayin sabon nau'in samfuri don ƙoƙarin fahimtar ta yaya kuma yaushe. wadannan nanostructures ci gaba.
"Tsarin mu na farko ya annabta cewa yawan ƙwayoyin da ke girma da kuma yawan cuticle waɗanda kwayoyin halitta suke yi sune mahimman abubuwan da ke kula da samuwar striations," in ji Dokta Moyroud, "amma lokacin da muka fara gwada samfurin ta amfani da shi. aikin gwaji a Venice mallow mun gano cewa samuwar su kuma ya dogara sosai ga ilimin sunadarai na cuticle, wanda ke shafar yadda cuticle ke amsawa ga sojojin da ke haifar da buckling.
"Tambaya ta gaba da muke son ganowa ita ce yadda nau'ikan sunadarai daban-daban za su iya canza kayan aikin injiniya na cuticle, a matsayin kayan gini na nanostructure. Yana iya kasancewa nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban suna haifar da cuticle tare da sassa daban-daban na gine-gine ko kuma tare da tauri daban-daban don haka hanyoyi daban-daban na yin martani ga sojojin da sel ke fuskanta yayin da petal ɗin ke girma."
Wannan aikin ya bayyana cewa akwai haɗin gwiwar hanyoyin aiki tare da barin tsire-tsire su tsara saman su. Dokta Moyroud ya kara da cewa, “Tsaki kwararrun masanan sinadarai ne kuma wadannan sakamakon sun nuna yadda za su iya daidaita sinadarai na cuticle dinsu don samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan furannin su. Samfuran da aka kirkira a ma'auni na ƙananan ƙananan na iya cika ayyuka da yawa, daga sadarwa tare da masu yin pollinators zuwa kariya daga herbivores ko pathogens."
"Suna ba da misalai masu ban mamaki na sauye-sauyen juyin halitta kuma ta hanyar hada gwaje-gwaje da ƙirar ƙira za mu fara fahimtar ɗanɗano kaɗan yadda tsire-tsire za su ƙirƙira su."
Za a buga sakamakon binciken a cikin Biology na yau.
“Wadannan fahimta kuma suna da amfani ga bambancin halittu da aikin kiyayewa saboda suna taimakawa wajen bayyana yadda tsirrai ke mu’amala da muhallinsu,” in ji Farfesa Glover, wanda kuma shi ne darektan Cibiyar Botanic na Jami’ar Cambridge, inda masu binciken suka fara lura da furannin Venice mallow.
"Alal misali, nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da juna amma waɗanda ke girma a yankuna daban-daban na iya samun nau'ikan furanni daban-daban. Fahimtar dalilin da ya sa ɓangarorin ciyayi ya bambanta da kuma yadda hakan zai iya shafar dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire da masu yin pollin su zai iya taimakawa wajen sanar da manufofin da za a gudanar a nan gaba na tsarin muhalli da kiyaye rayayyun halittu."
Binciken abin da ke tafiyar da ƙirar petal 3D
Masu binciken sun dauki matakin mataki na binciken binciken. Da farko sun lura da ci gaban petal kuma sun lura cewa alamun cuticle suna bayyana lokacin da sel suka yi tsayi, suna nuna cewa girma yana da mahimmanci. Daga nan sai suka yanke shawarar ko auna ma'aunin jiki da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka, kamar faɗaɗa tantanin halitta da kauri na cuticle, zai iya isasshe hasashen yanayin da aka lura, kuma sun gano cewa ba za su iya ba. Daga nan sai suka dauki mataki na baya don kokarin gano abin da ya bata.
Abubuwan da ke cikin wani abu, na inorganic ko kuma waɗanda sel masu rai suka samar kamar cuticle, wataƙila sun dogara da yanayin sinadarai na wannan abu. Da wannan a zuciyarsa, masu binciken sun yanke shawarar duba ilimin sunadarai na cuticle, kuma sun gano cewa, hakika, wannan abu ne mai sarrafawa. Don yin wannan, sun fara amfani da sabuwar hanya daga filin sinadarai don nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da cuticle a wasu takamaiman wurare a fadin petal. Wannan ya nuna cewa yankuna masu kama da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)).
Idan aka kwatanta da m cuticle, sun gano striated cuticle yana da babban matakan dihydroxy-palmitic acid da waxes da ƙananan matakan mahadi phenolic. Don gwada idan cuticle chemistry na da matukar muhimmanci, sa'an nan suka fara wani transgenic m a Hibiscus don canza cuticle chemistry kai tsaye a cikin shuke-shuke, ta yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta kama da waɗanda aka sani don sarrafa samar da cuticle kwayoyin a cikin wani daban-daban model shuka, Arabidopsis.
Wannan ya nuna cewa za a iya gyaggyara rubutun cuticle, ba tare da canza haɓakar tantanin halitta ba, ta hanyar gyaggyara abun da ke ciki. Ta yaya cuticle chemistry zai iya sarrafa nadawa na 3D? Masu bincike sunyi tunanin cewa canji a cikin cuticle sunadarai Yana shafar kaddarorin inji na cuticle kamar yadda, ko da lokacin da aka shimfiɗa ta ta amfani da na'urar ta musamman, petals ɗin transgenic tare da cuticle santsi sun kasance santsi, sabanin waɗanda suke daga tsire-tsire na daji.