Cututtukan tsire-tsire da sarrafa kwari ta amfani da magungunan kashe qwari suna haifar da damuwa mai tsanani game da amincin abinci, ingancin muhalli da juriya na magungunan kashe qwari. Waɗannan damuwar sun nuna buƙatar madadin cututtukan shuka & dabarun Gudanar da kwaro. Musamman ma, abubuwan gina jiki na shuka na iya shafar juriyar cutar ko juriya ga shuke-shuke ga kwari da cututtuka.
Wannan yana bayyana a cikin karuwar matsin lamba akan masu shuka don shuka furanni masu lafiya, 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari tare da ƙarancin magungunan kashe qwari. Kasuwannin fitarwa galibi suna bincika ragowar magungunan kashe qwari a cikin samarwa da manyan matakan MRL na iya iyakance damar kasuwa. Tare da sabon Matsayin Horticultural a Kenya ana kallo - akwai kuma ƙarin matsin lamba daga kasuwannin gida game da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da saura.
Ma'adinai Gina Jiki & Cututtukan Shuka
Kafin yakin duniya na farko, an samu nasarar kawar da kwari da cututtuka ta hanyar hada-hadar noman amfanin gona yadda ya kamata, jujjuya amfanin gona da sulfur da tagulla. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, an gudanar da bincike mai yawa kan sinadarai don yaki da sinadarai. Binciken da aka yi na wannan binciken shine samar da sinadarai masu tasiri don magance kwari da cututtuka a cikin amfanin gona.
An yi gagarumin juyin juya hali na noma. An shawo kan kwari da cututtuka, kuma samar da abinci ya zama mafi aminci kuma amfanin gona ya karu. Bayan shekaru ne muka fahimci illar wadannan sinadarai ga lafiyar dan Adam. Ba dukkanin sinadarai ba ne marasa kyau, kuma idan ba tare da ingantaccen kwaro da rigakafin cututtuka ba, ba za mu iya ciyar da duniya ba. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a girma cikin mutunci kuma a rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a inda za mu iya.
Kafin yakin duniya na farko an gudanar da bincike sosai kan rawar da kayan abinci na shuka ke takawa wajen magance cututtuka da kwari, kuma a yanzu ana ci gaba da ziyartar wannan aiki da fadada shi.
Cututtukan Shuka & Gudanar da Kwari A cikin Aikin Noma Mai Dorewa
Tsarin Kasa & Ruwa
Yawancin cututtuka suna farawa saboda matsaloli tare da tushen tushe, tsarin ƙasa, rashin iskar oxygen, rashin magudanar ruwa da ruwa. Ƙasa mai zurfi, magudanar ruwa mai kyau tare da kyakkyawan tsari mai kyau shine layin farko na kariya daga cututtuka na shuka. Na gaba matakan danshi da yanayin zafi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen 'kunna' ƙwayoyin cuta. Gabaɗaya mafi girman matakan danshi da yanayin zafi suna ƙarfafa cututtuka da rage kwai zuwa lokacin hawan kwari. Abin baƙin ciki, a Gabashin Afirka ba mu da alatu na lokacin sanyi - wanda zai iya kashe cututtuka da kwari da yawa.
Pasa pH
Na gaba, pH na ƙasa yana da babban aiki da yadda cutar ke ci gaba da sauri. Ƙasar acidic takan kawar da wasu ƴan cututtuka - duk da haka kuma suna hana samun abinci mai gina jiki da amfanin gona - don haka a bi da su cikin kulawa. Ƙasa, ruwa da drip pH suna ƙayyade samuwa na gina jiki ga shuke-shuke kuma zai iya haifar da wuce haddi da rashi wanda zai iya ƙarfafa kwari da ci gaban cututtuka. Zai fi kyau a kiyaye pH a mafi kyau ga buƙatun shuke-shuke don girma amfanin gona mai jure cutar lafiya.
Shuka Gina Jiki
Ingantacciyar abinci mai gina jiki shine layin tsaro na gaba. Duk wani sinadari da ke da kasawa ko ya wuce gona da iri zai kara saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari. Sinadaran da aka sani suna yin tasiri ga kwari da cututtuka a cikin tsire-tsire sune: – sigar Nitrogen, Potassium, Calcium, Sulphur, Chlorine, Nickel, Manganese da Silicon.
alli cuta ce ta farko mai sarrafa abinci. Adadin calcium a cikin ƙasa yana ƙayyade abubuwa da yawa! 1) pH, 2) Tsarin 3) Aeration. Bincika matakan Calcium kuma tabbatar da cewa kuna da aƙalla isa kuma a mafi kyawun matakan alatu.
Ana amfani da Calcium a cikin shuka don yin Calcium pectate - wannan yana ƙayyade ƙarfin ganuwar tantanin halitta, da kuma yadda suke jure wa kwari da cututtuka. Ana iya kare cututtuka da yawa a cikin amfanin gona da yawa ta hanyar samun isasshen Calcium a cikin naman shuka. Ƙananan calcium a cikin ƙasa yana haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, tare da rashin amfani da kayan abinci mara kyau da raunanan tsire-tsire.
Calcium an san yana kashewa tushen kulob a cikin kabeji, fusarium so a cikin tumatir, erwinia taushi rot a dankali da botrytis blight a yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Isasshen Calcium yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen rayuwar samfur. Ana ɗaukar Calcium ta hanyar rafi mai jujjuyawa kuma yana iya zama ma'ana cikin sanyi, sanyi ko yanayi mai ɗanɗano.
potassium yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana kwari da cututtuka. Tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin potassium suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yanayi! A wurare da yawa muna da sa'a don samun isasshen ko wuce haddi na potassium a cikin ƙasa. Koyaya, ana iya daidaita shi cikin sauƙi cikin wasu nau'ikan ƙasa, misali ilites da yumbu. Ba kamar yawancin abubuwan gina jiki na shuka ba - potassium ba ya zama wani ɓangare na kowane nau'in shuka kuma ya kasance a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Yana da wayar hannu sosai a cikin tsire-tsire kuma yana motsawa da sauri daga tsofaffi zuwa ƙananan ganye kuma don gano rashi kuna buƙatar yin nazarin ganye akan duka biyun kuma kwatanta.
Yawan potassium yana iya kashewa ko ƙarfafa cututtuka dangane da jimillar sinadarai na shuka. Gabaɗaya potassium zai kashe yawancin cututtuka amma yana iya ƙarfafa Erwinia rots, downy mildew da nematodes. Nitrogen: Potassium (N:K) rabo kuma yana da mahimmanci ga wasu cututtuka da kwari. Babban N: K rabo na iya ƙarfafa cututtuka. Babban rabon K:N yana kula da rage tsananin cutar kuma tare da isasshen phosphorous na iya rage haifuwa a cikin aphids.
nitrogen wuce gona da iri yayi samar da tsire-tsire masu rauni, masu saurin girma waɗanda ke da saurin kamuwa da kwari da lalacewar cututtuka. Yawancin damping kashe cuta faruwa saboda wuce haddi nitrogen, babban nitrogen karfafa botrytis a cikin shuke-shuke da za a kullum zama resistant zuwa gare shi. Siffar da ake ba da nitrogen ga tsire-tsire a ciki na iya yin babban tasiri akan jure cututtuka. Ana iya shayar da Nitrogen ta shuke-shuke kamar yadda aka rage NH4 form ko oxidized NO3 form. NH4 yana rage pH yayin da NO3 ke ƙara pH. Cututtuka sun bambanta da N-form. Nitrate yana hana Fusarium wilts da tushen Rhizoctonia rots yayin da ammonium yana hana yawancin cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙasa.
chlorine ba a ɗauka a matsayin kayan abinci na shuka kuma yana iya zama mai guba ga tsire-tsire da yawa. Duk da haka, bincike ya gano cewa a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsayayya da chloride, chlorine na iya hana cututtukan shuka misali fusarium kambi rot a cikin bishiyar asparagus, Rhizoctonia kambi rot a cikin beets, Fusarium Yellows a seleri, da smut da stalk rot a masara. A mafi yawan lokuta karuwa a cikin chloride ya haifar da karuwa a cikin manganese a cikin ƙwayar ganye.
Managanese Gwajin tsire-tsire da bincike sun nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin tattarawar Manganese a cikin nama mai lafiya da ƙwayar cuta. Fungal da yawa, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna raguwa a cikin kasancewar isasshen manganese, yayin da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haɓaka ta hanyar haɓakar shuka.
Manganese yana kula da kasancewa mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, ƙayyadaddun abin da ke iyakance shi shine ingancin sha. Ayyukan da ke inganta shan manganese suna rage cututtuka. Mulching, mafi kyawun pH, kwayoyin halitta, yanayin ƙasa da ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa. Glyphosate na iya rage shan manganese kuma yana ƙarfafa ɗaukar duka. Ana rage ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta hanyar rage pH na ƙasa, ban ruwa ko ciyar da manganese. Wasu fungicides misali Mancozeb sun fi tasiri a cikin siffar manganese.
nickel ana buƙata a cikin ƙananan adadi kuma ya isa gabaɗaya a yawancin ƙasan gonaki. Ana ɗauka a matsayin ultra-micronutrient kuma ba a kula da shi sosai ba. Ana tunanin cewa nickel yana da mahimmanci ga hawan nitrogen a cikin ƙwayar shuka da kuma haifar da amsawar rigakafi ta tsire-tsire ta hanyar taimakawa tare da samar da phytoalexin. Gishiri na nickel suna da tasiri na maganin fungicides akan tsatsa. Ana iya rage shan nickel a cikin ƙasa bushe bushe da kuma kasancewar tutiya mai yawa, jan ƙarfe, manganese, ƙarfe, cobalt, magnesium da calcium. Ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki akan nickel.
Sulfur yana da matukar mahimmanci a cikin kula da cututtuka - ana buƙatar haifar da tsire-tsire na juriya ga fungi ta hanyar haifar da tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Wannan yanzu ana kiransa SIR - juriya da aka jawo sulfur. Sulfur kuma yana da tasiri mai guba a kan fungi da mites - don haka amfani da sulfur burners a wasu greenhouses.
Silicon shi ne na biyu mafi yawan ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa. Isassun matakan silicon a cikin tsire-tsire suna ba da juriya mai kyau ga yawancin cututtuka, kuma tushen da ƙimar siliki da aka yi amfani da shi na iya tasiri sosai kan sarrafa cututtukan fungal da yawa a cikin nau'ikan shuka. Ana buƙatar ingantattun mafita / masu araha / kuma masu amfani don aikace-aikacen silicon ga amfanin gona da za su iya tara shi, kamar yadda aka gane cewa amfani da silicon a cikin kwaro da kula da cututtuka zai zama hanya mai yuwuwar rage amfani da fungicides a fannonin noma da yawa. Dole ne a yi ƙarin bincike a kan wannan.
Silicon a nau'i-nau'i daban-daban ya tabbatar da cewa hanya ce mai tasiri na sarrafa kwari. Yawan silikon da aka tara a cikin kusoshi da ganye na iya hana ƙwarin tauna, silicon na iya narkar da chitin, yana haifar da rashin ruwa a cikin kwari, kuma silicon na iya toshe ɗimbin kwari - hana iskar oxygen shiga jikinsu.
Babban matakan EC (salinity) ko sodium (sodicity) na iya yin tasiri sosai ga shayar da abinci mai gina jiki da ci gaban shuka mai lafiya da ƙarfafa cututtuka, nematodes da kwari.
Kamar yadda kuke gani - abinci mai gina jiki na tsire-tsire yana taka rawa sosai wajen tantance jurewar tsirrai ga kwari da cututtuka, kuma ana iya yin abubuwa da yawa tare da inganta abinci mai gina jiki don rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari. Don ƙarin bayani game da wannan, da kuma gwada yanayin sinadirai na tsire-tsire ku tuntuɓe mu support@cropnuts.com.