Yayin da canjin yanayi ke ƙara tsananta kuma ya zama ruwan dare a duniya, yana da mahimmanci a lura da fahimtar martanin manyan amfanin gona lokacin da aka fuskanci matsalolin ƙwayoyin cuta (muhalli). Yanayin muhalli guda biyu da ke fuskantar amfanin gonakin Burtaniya sune fari da ambaliya. Haɗe tare da yanayin zafi, waɗannan na iya zama bala'i ga amfanin gona kuma suna da tasiri akan ingancin abinci, farashin abinci, samun iri, da inganci. Kwanan nan a cikin 2020, lokacin sanyi sosai tare da busasshiyar bazara ya yi mummunan tasiri ga duk amfanin gonakin Burtaniya.
Kyakkyawan ci gaban shuka da amfanin amfanin gona ana ƙaddara ta dalilai da yawa: ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki, zazzabi, tsarin ƙasa da sunadarai, da haske. Tare da yanayin da ake ciki yanzu yana saurin canzawa fiye da yadda tsire-tsire za su iya daidaitawa, wannan yana haifar da matsala mai mahimmanci ga aikin noma, kuma a sakamakon haka ana fuskantar kalubalen amfanin gona ta hanyoyi da yawa. Don haɓaka haɓakar amfanin gona zuwa abiotic (muhalli) da biotic (cututtuka - kwari da cututtuka) damuwa, yana da mahimmanci don gano sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona waɗanda ke da matakan juriya ga ɗayan ko yawancin waɗannan matsalolin wucin gadi a tsawon rayuwarsu.
Don yin wannan, ana buƙatar gano asalin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke sarrafa waɗannan kyawawan halayen juriya. Masana kimiyyar shuka za su iya yin hakan ta hanyar haɓaka gwaje-gwajen da ake kira phenotyping assays, waɗanda ke bincika nau'ikan tsirrai iri-iri don kyawawan halaye (phenotypes) waɗanda daga nan aka daidaita su zuwa takamaiman kwayoyin halitta. Wannan kayan aiki ne mai matuƙar amfani ba wai kawai don ganowa da daidaita kwayoyin halitta zuwa takamaiman halaye (phenotypes), har ma don gano duk wani nau'in halittar da zai iya ɓacewa daga nau'ikan amfanin gona na yau da kullun waɗanda aka zaɓa don yin aiki da kyau a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau, inda damuwa. ana kiyaye su ta hanyar ban ruwa, magungunan kashe qwari, da amfani da taki.
Hanya ɗaya ta sami tallafin Defra ta hanyar Cibiyar Inganta Kayan Kayan lambu (VeGIN). VeGIN yana da damar zuwa Sashin Albarkatun Ganewa na Kayan lambu (GRU) a cibiyar amfanin gona ta Warwick, inda aka adana dubban nau'ikan nau'ikan amfanin gona daban-daban, tattara bayanai, da bincike. Yawan jama'ar VeGIN ba wai kawai sun haɗa da cultivars na zamani ba, har ma da dangin iyayen daji da nau'ikan kayan amfanin gona da muke ci a yau, waɗanda aka tattara daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Waɗannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna wakiltar yuwuwar tushen sabbin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta, waɗanda masu shayarwa za su iya amfani da su don kafa amfanin gona tare da jure wa ƙalubale na biotic (cututtuka) da ƙalubalen abiotic (muhalli).
Karanta cikakken labarin a www.foodsecurity.ac.uk.