Idan kuna ganin cewa a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan farashin cucumbers a St. A cikin shaguna, don kada abokan ciniki su suma saboda gigice, ana sayar da su gaba ɗaya. “Fontanka” ta zagaya cikin shagunan ta gano abin da ke faruwa.
"Mutane ba su da kudi"
Babu wani wari na yalwar cucumbers a Haymarket - masu sayarwa waɗanda ke ba da kayan lambu na greenhouse za a iya ƙidaya su a kan yatsun hannu ɗaya daga yawan masu shayarwa. Amma har ma waɗanda suka yi ƙarfin hali don siyar da cucumbers, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu kawai: ko dai tsayi mai santsi ko gajere. Dukansu biyu suna da farashi ɗaya - mafarki mai ban tsoro.
Kiwon gira gayyata, mai sayarwa nods a samfurinsa - short cucumbers tare da pimples ga 450 rubles, ko da inflorescences ba su da lokaci zuwa crumble.
“Cucumbers haka suke. Yanzu akwai kadan daga cikinsu, don haka yana da tsada, kasuwa ce. Lokacin da za a yi jigilar kayayyaki da yawa, zai zama mai rahusa. A cikin makonni biyu, mai yiwuwa, za su bayyana, "in ji mai siyar a cikin jajayen rigar.
A cikin shagon da ke kusa da wurin akwai yunwa mai kama da abinci, mai laushi, mai launin fata mara lafiya. A ranar kasuwa, irin waɗannan mutane za a jefa su a cikin wani kududdufi tare da gangara ba tare da jinkiri ba, amma a yau sun ba da shi don 500 rubles. "Azerbaijani," mai siyar ya tabbatar da farashin.
Babu alamun farashi a ka'ida akan yawancin trays - a kan tushen tushen tumatir a 80 da eggplants a 100 rubles a kowace kilo, cucumbers "zinariya" zai yi kama da izgili. “Abokan ciniki sun firgita kuma su ƙaura,” wata mace mai siyar da kaya a cikin rigar rigar ta yi bayani ba tare da son rai ba.
"Farashin sayan su akan tushe shine 420 rubles. Na dauke su jiya - babu wanda ya saya su daga gare ni. Mutanen ba su da kudi. A yau na yanke shawarar ba zan shiga hannu ba,” gashin-bakin da ke cikin hular saƙa ya yarda, yana cin tangerines da tumatir.
Hawers ba za su rage farashin cucumbers ba ko da dare suna kallo. Dokar "kawai don tserewa da shi kuma sake kama wani abu" ba ya aiki a yau. “Ba riba gareni ba. Ee, gwamma in kai su gida,” in ji mai siyar da baƙar fata a farfajiyar Apraksin.
Irin wannan hoton a kasuwa, in ji masu shayarwa, ya kai kwana na biyar. Yawancin lokaci cucumbers sun zo ma'auni na Rasha daga Belarus, Azerbaijan, Krasnodar Territory, amma yanzu babu shigo da.
A cikin sarƙoƙi na siyarwa, kewayon ya fi faɗi, amma farashin suna ƙoƙarin isa mashaya kasuwa. A cikin "Crossroads", santsi-skin cucumbers suna sayar da 190 rubles don 600 grams, matsakaici-fruited cucumbers tare da pimples - 300. Kudin 300 rubles guda. A cikin "Magnet", an ba da rataye na gajere - 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tsire-tsire a 249 rubles don 84 grams, gherkins - a 210 rubles don 450 grams.
Daga ina ya zo?
Lokacin da jami'an Rasha suka fara lankwasa yatsunsu, suna lissafin nasarorin da aka samu na sauya shigo da kaya, cucumbers na cikin na farko. Tare da jimlar yawan amfani da kusan ton miliyan a kowace shekara, kashi 94% na nata, an kiyasta Cibiyar Haɗin Kasuwa ta Aikin Gona (ICAR). Haka kuma, samar da cucumbers a cikin 2022 ya karya duk bayanan da suka gabata - ton dubu 885.7 (+5.3% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata).
Irin waɗannan manyan nasarorin babu makawa sun haifar da ƙarancin farashin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Rosstat ya rubuta matsakaicin farashin 66 rubles a kowace kilo a St. Petersburg a farkon Satumba. Wannan bai faru ba a cikin garinmu tun 2017, lokacin da aka nemi matsakaicin 62 rubles don kilogram na cucumbers. Tun daga lokacin ya fi tsada. Don kwatanta: a cikin 2021, bai faɗi ƙasa da 86 ba. Bugu da ƙari, a bara Rasha ta kasance sanannen mai fitar da cucumbers. Alal misali, an aika aƙalla tan 3,500 na cucumbers zuwa Poland (har zuwa Oktoba).
Yana da mahimmanci a yanzu don lura da yanayin da ake ciki a cikin gonar kokwamba, wanda, bisa ga lokutan da ake ciyar da su a halin yanzu, na iya zama kamar bala'i ga wani: a cikin mafi yawan sarƙoƙi na tallace-tallace, mafi yawancin, sun daina sayar da su. da kilogram - ko dai daidaiku ko a cikin fakiti na 350-600 grams.
Bayanan dogon lokaci na farashin cucumbers sun nuna cewa a cikin hunturu dole ne su zama tsada, kuma sau biyu ko sau uku - wannan shine al'ada. Bayanin tattalin arziki na wannan sabon abu a bayyane yake - kasawa. 'Yan kasuwa a kasuwa, masu sarrafa sarkar tallace-tallace, manajoji, da masu rarraba tarayya suna magana game da shi a cikin kalmomi daban-daban.
Me ya sa a cikin ƙasa tattalin arzikin greenhouse yana nuna yanayi mai yawa ba a bayyane yake ba, amma gaskiyar ta kasance. Wani wuri a watan Oktoba, kowace shekara guda, cucumbers sun ƙare a cikin ƙasarmu - komai yawan su da aka girma a lokacin rani. Babu bayanan samarwa na greenhouses, kamar yadda muka gani a fili cewa shekarar, ba kome a nan. Sun zo ƙarshen kawai, kuma dukansu - da santsi, kuma tare da pimples, gherkins, da duk abin da ke gaba ɗaya. Ci gaban da babu makawa koyaushe yana raguwa a cikin sati na farko ko biyu na Janairu sannan kuma a koyaushe kuma dole ya ci gaba da gaba, da sauransu har zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris. Da alama yaki da wannan lamari tamkar yaki da sauyin yanayi ne.
Tun zamanin d ¯ a, an ci nasara a cikin kasuwar gida ta hanyar shigo da kaya. A zahiri kuma a nan. Tun Oktoba, in mun gwada da m shigo da cucumbers daga kasashen waje fara neatly. Mafi yawan masu samar da kayayyaki sune Belarus, Azerbaijan, China, Turkey. Belarus ba ya ƙidaya, duk abin da yake daidai da cucumbers a can kamar yadda tare da mu. Amma kayayyaki daga ƙasashe masu dumi kusan a zahiri suna maimaita lanƙwasa na ƙimar farashin a cikin shagunan mu.
Koyaya, kamar yadda muke tunawa, Rasha ta kusan maye gurbin masana'antar kokwamba tare da shigo da sifili. Kuma shigo da mu da kyar ya kai kashi 5% na abin da ake bukata, wanda ke nufin da kyar suke jure aikinsu a matsayin mai sarrafa farashi. Babu isassun cucumbers na Sin, Azabaijan da Turkawa, kuma ba za su iya yin tasiri ga sha'awar masu sana'a a cikin gida ba, wanda ke kara hauhawa a lokutan hunturu. Akwai, ba shakka, bayani game da wannan: yana da tsada sosai don zafi da hasken wuta a cikin hunturu fiye da lokacin rani. Ba a ma maganar nawa ake kashewa a kudanci. Bayan haka, matsakaicin farashin kilogram na cucumbers daga China shine $ 1.64, daga Azerbaijan - 1.5, kuma daga Turkiyya - 0.84. Ba shi da ma'ana don kwatanta wannan tare da farashin a cikin shaguna. Mutane daban-daban ne suka kafa su kuma saboda dalilai daban-daban.
Daga lambun zuwa ga counter
Ana ba da cucumbers zuwa sassan kantin sayar da kayayyaki na St.
- Cucumbers ɗinmu akai-akai suna shiga cikin sarƙoƙi na siyarwa, babu matsaloli, komai yana da kyau a gare mu. Dubi misalin "Magnet", "Pyaterochka", "Dixie", "Ok", "Tepe". Dukansu suna da nasu alamar, akwai samfuran samar da mu da sauran greenhouses. Wane irin girbi muke harbi kullun? Daban-daban iri-iri ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ba zan iya cewa kai tsaye daga jemage ba, "Ma'aikatar tallace-tallace ta Vyborg ta shaida wa Fontanka.
Kuma ko da yaya manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin greenhouse Vyborg, ba za su iya cika kasuwar St.
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da za a iya haifar da rushewar kasuwar kokwamba a Rasha an kwatanta shi ta hanyar mujallu na masana'antu: sun ce, yanayin yanayi na geopolitical na duniya ya bar gonakin greenhouse na Tarayyar Rasha ba tare da asusun iri ba. Da farko, ba sa so su yi magana da Fontanka game da wannan a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Aikin Noma, suna nufin "abubuwa da yawa". Amma a karshe sun bayar da sunayensu har guda uku da za su iya haddasa rugujewa.
- Wataƙila akwai matsaloli tare da kayan iri, watakila madaidaicin shigo da kaya ba daidai ba ne, watakila sun daina siyan daga Turai, suna ɗaukar wasu Sinawa, yana da wuya a faɗi, - in ji Mataimakin Darakta Janar Varvara Serdyukova.
Masu kera cucumber sun yi tuntuɓe ba kawai game da rashin tsaba ba - yawancin su suna da abin da ake kira remortgaging a cikin hunturu. An gaya wa wannan a cikin Ivanisovo agrocomplex a cikin yankin Moscow Electrostal, wanda, a tsakanin sauran masana'antun, yana ba da cucumbers zuwa shaguna da kasuwanni na St. Petersburg.
- Farashin irin wannan ba kawai a St. Yanzu ba kowa ne ya fito da wannan samfurin ba. Ban sani ba game da wasu, muna da sake yin oda: kokwamba yana girma na watanni da yawa, to, tsire-tsire sun gaji, kuna buƙatar canza daji. Shi ke nan. Dajin yana canzawa na makonni biyu ko uku, kuma girbi ya sake farawa, za mu isa ga cikakken iko, ”in ji Ivanisovo.
Kuma ba shakka, babu wanda ya soke farashin zafi da rana, wanda manoma ke aiwatar da kokwamba a cikin greenhouses. To, kayan lambu masu ban sha'awa ba ya so su tsira ba tare da su ba a cikin hunturu. Kuma masana'anta kawai ba su da damar dawo da waɗannan ƙarin farashin.
- Wajibi ne don zafi, wajibi ne don haskakawa. Akwai farashin da ba a shirya ba, mai sanyaya shi a waje, mafi girma. Shi ya sa cucumbers ke da tsada sosai. Kuma ci na masana'anta, tabbas. A halin yanzu muna da farashin kokwamba na 5 rubles, wanda shine ɗan ƙasa da $ 2 kowace zaɓi. Kuma naku na Rasha suna shigowa akan 7.5 rubles, wato, dala uku akan kowane zaɓi. Amma gwamnatin mu ta rage farashin, ba ta ba mu damar kara kari ba. Kuma 'yan Rasha suna da 'yancin zuwa kan farashi da kuma adadin da suke da su," Alexander Radkovets, darektan masana'antar koren shayi na Berestye a Belarus, ya shaida wa Fontanka.
Ya kamata a lura cewa Belarus ita ce mafi yawan masu samar da cucumbers zuwa Rasha: a cikin 2021, yawan isar da kayayyaki ga Tarayyar Rasha ya kai ton 14.5 dubu a matsakaicin $ 0.88 a kowace kilogram. Kuma abin takaici, masana'antun Belarushiyanci ba za su iya ceton mabukaci na Rasha a yanzu ba. Tare da dukan babban burinsa, Alexander Radkovets ya ce:
- Za mu fara isar da cucumbers zuwa Rasha daga ƙarshen Fabrairu - a cikin Maris. Kawai yanzu ina da ɗan ƙaramin adadin wannan cucumber ɗin da ke girma a bango, ton 2.5 kawai ana tattarawa kowace rana, kuma komai yana rarrabuwa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar gida. Babu yiwuwar samar da manyan motoci, saboda babu girma. Mun kuma harbi ton 80-100 na kokwamba a rana, lokacin da tarin yawa zai tafi.
A zuba zuma cokali daya. Dauki makwabciyar Finland. Kusan ba shi da nau'in kokwamba wanda muka saba. A cikin mafi yawan shagunan sarkar (kuma kusan babu wasu a can) akwai nau'ikan cucumbers guda biyu kawai: "na gida" da "kasashen waje" (a matsayin mai mulkin, Mutanen Espanya). Dukansu suna da tsayi da santsi. A wannan makon, alal misali, a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Prisma, nau'in farko yana biyan Yuro 4.99 a kowace kg, na biyu - 3.69. Kuma a lokacin rani, na farko yana biyan Yuro 1.9-2.3, na biyun ko dai ya ɓace ko kuma ya kai cent 10-20 mai rahusa fiye da na gida. Wani lokaci uwar gida mai ƙwazo (da kyar Finnish) za ta gamu da "marasa kwandishan" - wannan shine ake kira cucumbers (Käyrä) na samar da gida. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda, a cikin bayyanar su, ba su dace da ra'ayoyin Finnish siririn game da cucumbers ba. Sannan ana iya kwace cucumbers masu ɗanɗano kwata-kwata akan Yuro 1.8 ko da a cikin tsananin hunturu. Da kyau, wani lokacin za ku ci karo da wani abu tare da prefix “eco”. Zai ci Yuro 13-15 a kowace kilogiram a kowane lokaci na shekara. Wannan, a gaskiya, duk iri-iri ne. Duk wanda ya ci cucumbers na Finnish ba zai bar ku ku yi ƙarya ba - ba su da ɗanɗano, ko dai na gida ko Mutanen Espanya. Kuma mafi kyawawa - ƙananan, crunchy, tare da jaki rawaya da pimples - kusan babu inda za a samu a can don kowane kuɗi.
Tushe: https://www.fontanka.ru