(Reuters) – Masu saka hannun jari sun kasance suna goge filin Amin Jadavji don siyan fasahar haɓakar Elevate Farms a tsaye tare da samar da tarin ganyen ganye a cikin gida tare da hasken wucin gadi.
"Za su ce, 'Wannan abu ne mai kyau, amma yana kama da gwajin kimiyya," in ji Jadavji, Shugaba na Elevate na Toronto.
Yanzu, gonakin cikin gida suna sanya kansu a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin magance rikice-rikicen da cutar ta haifar ga girbi, jigilar kayayyaki, da siyar da abinci.
"Yana taimaka mana mu canza labarin," in ji Jadavji, wanda kamfaninsa ke gudanar da gonaki a tsaye a Ontario, kuma yana gina wasu a New York da New Zealand.
Masu ba da goyon baya, ciki har da Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Amurka (USDA), sun ce noman birane na kara samar da abinci a daidai lokacin da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma karancin kayayyaki a duniya. Abubuwan da ake noman Arewacin Amurka ya ta'allaka ne a Mexico da Amurka Kudu maso Yamma, gami da California, mai saurin kamuwa da gobarar daji da sauran munanan yanayi.
Abubuwan da ke damun canjin yanayi kuma suna haɓaka saka hannun jari, gami da babban kamfanin noma na Bayer AG, zuwa gonaki na tsaye na benaye da yawa ko kuma wuraren shakatawa masu girman filayen ƙwallon ƙafa 50.
Suna ba da damar ƙananan kamfanoni na Arewacin Amurka kamar BrightFarms, AppHarvest da Elevate don ƙarfafa samarwa na cikin gida da gasa tare da kafaffun 'yan wasa AeroFarms da Plenty, wanda ya kafa Amazon.com Inc. Jeff Bezos.
Amma masu sukar lamirin suna tambayar tsadar muhalli na manyan buƙatun wutar lantarki na cikin gida.
Gonaki a tsaye suna tsiro ganyen ganye a cikin gida a cikin ruɓaɓɓen yadudduka ko kan bangon ganyen cikin ɗakunan ajiya ko kwantena na jigilar kaya. Sun dogara da hasken wucin gadi, sarrafa zafin jiki da tsarin girma tare da ƙasa kaɗan wanda ya haɗa da ruwa ko hazo, maimakon ɗimbin filayen noma na gargajiya.
Gidajen kore suna iya amfani da hasken rana kuma suna da ƙananan buƙatun wuta. An kafa shi sosai a Asiya da Turai, gidajen gonaki suna faɗaɗa a Arewacin Amurka, ta amfani da ingantattun injina.
Saka hannun jari a gonakin cikin gida na duniya ya kai dala miliyan 394 a shekarar 2020, in ji shugabar binciken AgFunder Louisa Burwood-Taylor.
Matsakaicin saka hannun jari a bara ya ninka girma, yayin da manyan ƴan wasa ciki har da BrightFarms da Plenty suka haɓaka sabon jari, in ji ta.
Babban habaka kudade yana gaba, bayan barkewar cutar amai da gudawa - kamar kamuwa da cuta a tsakanin ma'aikatan bakin haure da ke girbi amfanin Arewacin Amurka - ya haifar da damuwa game da rushewar wadata, in ji Joe Crotty, darektan kudi na kamfanoni a bankin saka hannun jari na KPMG, wanda ke ba da shawara ga gonaki a tsaye.
"Haƙiƙanin haɓakawa shine shekaru uku zuwa biyar masu zuwa," in ji Crotty.
Kayan lambu da ake nomawa a cikin gonaki a tsaye ko kuma wuraren da ake nomawa har yanzu kaɗan ne na samarwa gaba ɗaya. Siyar da kayan amfanin gona na Amurka da aka noma a ƙarƙashin murfin, gami da tumatir, cucumbers da latas, ya kai fam miliyan 790 a cikin 2019, sama da 50% daga 2014, a cewar USDA.
Samar da letus na waje na California shi kaɗai ya kusan girma sau huɗu, a fam biliyan 2.9.
USDA tana neman membobi don sabon kwamitin ba da shawara kan aikin gona na birni don ƙarfafa cikin gida da sauran ayyukan gona masu tasowa.
KIWON FASHIN TSARKI YANA WUTA CIKI
Bayer, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu haɓaka iri a duniya, na da niyyar samar da fasahar shuka don faɗaɗa aikin gona a tsaye. A watan Agusta, ya haɗu tare da asusun mallakar Singapore Temasek don ƙirƙirar Unfold, wani kamfani na California, tare da dala miliyan 30 a cikin kuɗin iri.
Unfold ya ce shi ne kamfani na farko da ya mayar da hankali kan kera iri don latas na cikin gida, tumatur, barkono, alayyahu da cucumbers, ta yin amfani da kwayar cutar Bayer, kwayoyin halittar shuka, in ji Babban Jami'in John Purcell.
Ci gaban su na iya haɗawa da, alal misali, ƙwararrun shuke-shuke da ƙarin mayar da hankali kan ƙiyayya, in ji Purcell.
Bayyana fatan yin tallace-tallacen sa na farko a farkon 2022, yana niyya ga gonakin da ake da su, da farawa a Singapore da Ingila.
Har ila yau, gidajen kore suna faɗaɗa, suna nuna yawan amfanin gona fiye da noman fili.
AppHarvest, wanda ke noman tumatur a cikin gonaki mai girman eka 60 a Morehead, Kentucky, ya karya ƙasa akan ƙarin biyu a jihar a bara. Kamfanin yana da niyyar sarrafa wurare 12 nan da 2025.
Wuraren gine-ginen da ake amfani da su ana sanya su su kai kashi 70% na al'ummar Amurka a cikin tafiyar kwana guda, wanda hakan ke ba su damar zirga-zirga fiye da masana'antar noma ta kudu maso yamma, in ji Cif Shugaba Jonathan Webb.
Webb ya ce "Muna neman kwace masana'antar kera daga California da Mexico kuma mu kawo shi nan," in ji Webb.
Hasashen haɓakar yawan jama'a a duniya zai buƙaci haɓaka yawan samar da abinci, shawara mai tsauri a waje idan aka yi la'akari da bala'i akai-akai da matsanancin yanayi, in ji shi.
Kamfanin BrightFarms da ke New York, wanda ke gudanar da gidajen gonaki guda hudu, yana sanya su kusa da manyan biranen Amurka, in ji Babban Darakta Steve Platt. Kamfanin, wanda kwastomominsa suka hada da masu sayar da abinci Kroger da Walmart, na shirin bude manyan gonakinsa guda biyu a wannan shekara, a North Carolina da Massachusetts.
Platt yana tsammanin cewa a cikin shekaru goma, rabin duk ganyen ganye a Amurka zasu fito ne daga gonaki na cikin gida, daga kasa da 10% a halin yanzu.
"Dukkan igiyar ruwa ce ke tafiya ta wannan hanyar saboda tsarin da muke da shi a yau ba a tsara shi don ciyar da mutane a fadin kasar ba," in ji shi.
'MAHAUKACI, MAHAUKACI ABU'
Amma Stan Cox, masanin bincike don ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na Cibiyar Ƙasa, yana da shakku game da gonaki a tsaye. Sun dogara ne akan ƙimar kantin kayan miya don daidaita farashin wutar lantarki don hasken wuta da sarrafa zafin jiki, in ji shi.
"Duk dalilin da ya sa muke da noma shine don girbi hasken rana da ke mamaye duniya kowace rana," in ji shi. "Za mu iya samun shi kyauta."
Bruce Bugbee, farfesa a fannin ilimin halittar halittu a Jami'ar Jihar Utah, ya yi nazarin aikin noman sararin samaniya ga NASA. Amma ya gano noman tsaye mai ƙarfi a duniya yana da nisa.
"Babban jari yana shiga cikin kowane nau'in mahaukaci, abubuwa masu hauka kuma wannan wani abu ne a cikin jerin."
Bugbee ya kiyasta cewa gonaki na tsaye suna amfani da makamashi sau 10 don samar da abinci a matsayin gonakin waje, har ma da samar da man fetur don jigilar kayan amfanin yau da kullun a fadin kasar daga California.
AeroFarms, ma'aikacin daya daga cikin manyan gonaki a tsaye a duniya, tsohon masana'antar karafa ta New Jersey, ya ce kwatanta amfani da makamashi da noma a waje ba kai tsaye ba. Samar da cewa jiragen ruwa masu nisa suna da mafi girman lalacewa kuma yawancin gonakin da ake nomawa a waje suna amfani da ruwan ban ruwa da magungunan kashe qwari, in ji Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa David Rosenberg.
gonaki na tsaye sun cika sauran fa'idodin muhalli.
Elevate yana amfani da tsarin rufaffiyar madauki don shayar da tsire-tsire ta atomatik, tattara tsiron damshi ke fitarwa sannan kuma ya sake shayar da su da shi. Irin wannan tsarin yana buƙatar kashi 2% na ruwan da ake amfani da shi akan aikin latas na romaine na waje, in ji Jadavji. Kamfanin ba ya amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
"Ina tsammanin muna magance matsala," in ji shi.
(Rahoto daga Rod Nickel a Winnipeg, Manitoba; ƙarin rahoton Karl Plume a Chicago; Gyara ta Caroline Stauffer da Lisa Shumaker)