Abin da ke faruwa a ƙasa a filin masara yana da sauƙi a manta da shi, amma tsarin gine-ginen masara na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun ruwa da gina jiki, yana shafar jurewar fari, ingantaccen amfani da ruwa, da dorewa. Idan masu shayarwa za su iya ƙarfafa tushen masara don girma a kusurwa mai zurfi, amfanin gona zai iya samun damar samun albarkatu masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙasa.
Mataki na farko zuwa ga wannan burin shine koyan kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin gravitropism, tushen girma a mayar da martani ga nauyi. A wani sabon binciken da aka buga a cikin Aikace-aikace na National Academy of Sciences, Jami'ar Wisconsin masana kimiyya, tare da haɗin gwiwar masu bincike a Jami'ar Illinois. gano nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan Arabi.
Lokacin da aka juya iri mai tsiro a gefensa, wasu saiwoyin suna jujjuya su kwatsam zuwa ga nauyi, wasu kuma suna juya juzu'i a hankali. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da hanyoyin hangen nesa na na'ura don lura da bambance-bambance masu banƙyama a cikin tushen gravitropism a cikin dubban tsire-tsire kuma sun haɗa wannan bayanan tare da bayanan kwayoyin halitta ga kowane seedling. Sakamakon ya tsara yiwuwar matsayi na kwayoyin gravitropism a cikin kwayoyin halitta.
Taswirar ta sami masu binciken zuwa yankin da ya dace a cikin kwayoyin halitta - yankuna na wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta - amma har yanzu suna da nisa daga gano takamaiman kwayoyin halitta don gravitropism. Abin farin ciki, suna da kayan aiki wanda zai iya taimakawa.
“Saboda a baya mun yi irin wannan gwaji tare da shukar Arabidopsis da ke da alaƙa, mun sami damar daidaita kwayoyin halitta a cikin yankunan da suka dace na kwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'ikan biyu. Gwaje-gwajen da aka biyo baya sun tabbatar da asalin kwayoyin halitta guda huɗu waɗanda ke canza tushen gravitropism. Sabon bayanin zai iya taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda nauyi ke tsara tushen tsarin gine-gine, "in ji Edgar Spalding, farfesa a Sashen Botany a Jami'ar Wisconsin kuma jagoran marubucin binciken.
Matt Hudson, farfesa a Sashen Kimiyyar amfanin gona na Jami'ar Illinois kuma marubucin marubucin, ya kara da cewa, “Mun kalli wani yanayin da ba a yi bincike ba game da masara da ke da mahimmanci saboda dalilai da dama, musamman a yanayin sauyin yanayi. . Kuma mun yi hakan ta hanyar sanya bambance-bambancen juyin halitta tsakanin tsire-tsire suyi aiki a cikin yardarmu. "
Masara da Arabidopsis, ƙaramin mustard dangi wanda masana kimiyyar halittu suka kwatanta, sun samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 150 a cikin tarihin juyin halitta. Hudson yayi bayanin cewa dukansu nau'ikan nau'ikan suna musayar asali na tsire-tsire na asali, da alama kwayoyin suna sarrafawa a cikin lokaci na tsawon lokaci. Wannan ya zama abu mai kyau don ƙunsar kwayoyin halitta.
A cikin nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa, kwayoyin halitta suna yin layi kusan iri ɗaya a cikin kwayoyin halitta (misali, ABCDEF). Kodayake kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya na iya kasancewa a cikin nau'ikan da ke da nisa, tsarin kwayoyin halitta a yankin taswirar sifofin ba su dace ba (misali, UGRBZ). Bayan masu binciken sun gano inda za su duba cikin kowane kwayar halitta, in ba haka ba jerin kwayoyin halittar da ba su dace ba sun sa kwayoyin halitta na gama-gari (a cikin wannan yanayin B) suka fito.
"Ina tsammanin yana da kyau sosai cewa za mu iya gano kwayoyin halittar da ba za mu samu ba in ba haka ba kawai ta hanyar kwatanta tazarar kwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'in tsire-tsire marasa dangantaka," in ji Hudson. "Mun kasance da kwarin gwiwa cewa sun kasance daidaitattun kwayoyin halitta lokacin da suka fito daga wannan bincike, amma kungiyar Spalding ta kwashe shekaru bakwai ko takwas suna samun ingantaccen bayanan ilimin halitta don tabbatar da cewa sun yi, hakika, suna taka rawa a gravitropism. Bayan mun yi haka, ina tsammanin mun inganta tsarin gaba ɗaya ta yadda a nan gaba za ku iya amfani da wannan hanyar don abubuwa daban-daban. "
Lura cewa hanyar ta yi nasara musamman saboda an yi ma'auni daidai a cikin yanayi na gama gari.
"Sau da yawa, masu binciken masara za su auna halayensu na sha'awar a fagen, yayin da masu binciken Arabidopsis sukan girma tsiron su a cikin ɗakunan girma," in ji shi. "Mun auna tushen gravitropism phenotype ta hanyar sarrafawa sosai. An shuka waɗannan tsaba akan farantin petri, kuma binciken ya ɗauki awoyi kaɗan, sabanin halayen da zaku iya aunawa a cikin duniyar gaske waɗanda ke buɗe ga kowane nau'in bambance-bambancen. "
Ko da a lokacin da za a iya auna dabi'u a cikin yanayi na kowa, ba duk halaye ne ke sa 'yan takara masu kyau don wannan hanya ba. Masu binciken sun jaddada halayen da ake tambaya su kasance masu mahimmanci ga aikin shuka na asali, suna tabbatar da cewa tsoffin kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya sun kasance a cikin nau'ikan da ba su da alaƙa.
"Gravitropism na iya zama mai dacewa musamman don yin nazari ta hanyar wannan hanya saboda zai kasance mabuɗin ga asali na musamman na harbe da tushen bayan nasarar mulkin mallaka," in ji Spalding.
Hudson ya lura gravitropism zai zama mabuɗin don mulkin mallaka na wani wuri daban, haka nan.
"NASA na sha'awar noman amfanin gona a wasu duniyoyi ko a sararin samaniya kuma suna bukatar sanin abin da za ku yi kiwo don yin hakan," in ji shi. "Tsarin suna da kyau na wargajewa ba tare da nauyi ba."
An buga labarin, "Yin amfani da ilimin ilimin harshe a cikin masara da Arabidopsis QTL don gano kwayoyin halitta da ke shafar bambancin yanayi a cikin gravitropism," an buga shi a cikin Aikace-aikace na National Academy of Sciences [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212199119]. Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasa ce ta dauki nauyin binciken.
Sashen Kimiyyar amfanin gona yana cikin Kwalejin Aikin Noma, Mabukaci da Kimiyyar Muhalli a Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
Tushe: https://www.sciencedaily.com