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A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, noman greenhouse ya fuskanci kalubale saboda hauhawar farashin makamashi, lamarin da ya sa aka sake yin nazari. Mahimman buƙatun wutar lantarki na tsarin, tare da sauyin yanayi, sun haifar da damuwa. Duk da haka, akwai hanyoyin da za a iya magance su, daga rungumar fasahohin da suka fi amfani da makamashi zuwa noman amfanin gona marasa fa'ida. A matsayin damar ba da kuɗi, tare da saka hannun jari daga 500 zuwa miliyan 700 HUF a kowace kadada, ya zama samuwa a cikin shekara mai zuwa, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da riba mai tsawo da dorewar irin waɗannan ayyukan.
Yanayin Zuba Jari da Yanayin Kasuwa
Kudin kafa babban fasaha, tsarin noma mai sarrafa kansa ya zarce rabin biliyan HUF a kowace kadada, yin shawarwari masu mahimmanci don nasara. Shekaru masu rikice-rikice na baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa kayan lambu suna kula da darajar su har ma a cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki. Abin sha'awa, yayin rikice-rikice, kayan lambu sune kawai nau'in abinci masu jure faɗuwar farashin. Bukatar samfuran ƙima kamar tumatir hadaddiyar giyar, eggplants, da cucumbers maciji ya kasance mai girma, yana nuna niyyar mabukaci don biyan ƙima don ingantaccen kayan masarufi. Duk da haka, samar da tumatir a lokacin sanyi zai zama mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan ƙarin farashin ƙarin hasken wuta ya kasance cikin farashin mabukaci.
Mafi kyawun girman greenhouse don ingantaccen aiki ana ɗaukarsa a kusa da hectare 5-6. Yayin da farawa da kadada 3 zai yiwu, yunƙurin da suka yi nasara cikin sauri sun haura alamar hectare 6. Manyan ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa sukan haɗa ƙananan gonaki a kusa da su don daidaita samarwa kuma, mafi mahimmanci, sauƙaƙe tallace-tallace. Kungiyar yawanci tana ɗaukar nauyin rarrabuwa, tattarawa, da siyar da kayan, wanda babbar ƙungiyar masu sana'a, DélKerTÉSZ ta misalta, wacce ta haɗa kusan membobin 500 waɗanda ke noman kadada 50 na gilashin da kusan kadada 100 na saman da aka lulluɓe.
Zaɓin amfanin gona da Ƙarfafa Kasuwa
Daban-daban amfanin gona suna da fa'ida daban-daban da ƙalubale a cikin noman greenhouse. Misali, cucumbers na maciji, yayin da suke da yawan buƙatu da riba, suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali saboda la'akari da yanayin yanayi da kwari. A gefe guda, tumatir, musamman hadaddiyar giyar da nau'ikan tari, suna ba da sauƙin sarrafa kansa, samar da ingantaccen aiki, da kasuwancin duk shekara.
Kaliforniai paprika (barkono California), babban kayan fasaha kuma ba kasafai ba a kasuwannin cikin gida, ya yi fice don girbin lokacin girbi na ilimin halitta da sauƙaƙe tsarin rarrabuwa. Fehérpaprika (farin barkono), yayin da yake da mahimmanci a kasuwannin gida, yana fuskantar gasa mai tsanani daga nau'ikan da ake shigo da su. Zaɓin tsakanin noman amfanin gona mai fa'ida a cikin gida da kuma amsa buƙatun kasuwa yana haifar da ci gaba da ƙalubale ga masu aikin lambu.
Kalubalen makamashi da la'akari da muhalli
Rikicin makamashi, duka dangane da dumama hunturu da sanyaya lokacin rani, yana haifar da babbar matsala ga noman greenhouse. Yayin da wasu ke neman madadin amfanin gona kamar strawberries da cucumbers a lokacin rikicin makamashi, tasirin dogon lokaci kan riba ya kasance abin damuwa. Bugu da ƙari, sauyin yanayi yana kawo ƙalubale, wanda ke buƙatar sauyawa zuwa tushen makamashi mai dorewa, kamar ruwan zafi. Samar da ruwan zafi a Hungary, tare da reinjection 100% bayan hakar, yana ba da fa'ida ta musamman akan sauran ƙasashe.
Sauye-sauyen Ƙasashen Duniya a Ƙwararrun Aikin Noma
Yanayin kasa da kasa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara kalubale da damar noman greenhouse na Hungary. Kasashe kamar Netherlands, tare da ci-gaba da fasahohin greenhouse da damar gyara kwayoyin halitta, sun kafa ma'auni ga masana'antu. Ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin taswirar kwayoyin halitta, musamman a cikin tumatir, yana haɓaka juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta, yana baiwa masu kera Dutch damar gasa.
Spain, wacce a tarihi ke da rinjaye wajen samar da kayan lambu, tana fuskantar kalubale saboda tsawan lokaci na fari da karancin ruwa. A halin da ake ciki, kasashen Arewacin Afirka kamar Maroko, Jordan, Masar, da Turkiyya suna fitowa a matsayin manyan 'yan wasa a fitar da kayan lambu, suna nuna gasa ga kasuwannin Turai. Ikon samar da amfanin gona a duk shekara, wanda yanayin yanayi daban-daban ya rinjayi shi, ya sa wadannan al'ummomi su zama masu fafatawa.
Noman Greenhouse a Hungary yana tsaye a kan mararraba, yana daidaita ƙalubale da dama. Yayin da farashin makamashi da la'akari da muhalli ke ba da cikas, zaɓin dabarun amfanin gona, ci gaban fasaha, da yanayin kasuwannin duniya suna ba da hanyoyin haɓaka. Dole ne masana'antu su kewaya wannan shimfidar wuri mai ɗorewa ta hanyar rungumar ayyuka masu ɗorewa, yin amfani da sabbin fasahohi, da yin amfani da kuɗin da ake samu.