A matsayin wani ɓangare na Kasuwar Sabis ta Duniya: Baje kolin kayan lambu & 'Ya'yan itace, manoma sun tattauna al'amuran haɓakar kayan lambu na greenhouse a Rasha. Kamar yadda Aleksey Kurenin, manajan aikin a Grodan, ya lura a cikin rahotonsa, 'yan Rasha suna rayayye canzawa zuwa cucumbers na gida da tumatir: a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, rabon shigo da sabbin kayan lambu daga rukunin greenhouse ya ragu daga 51% zuwa 19%. Dangane da yanayin raguwar adadin masu fafatawa daga ketare, masana'antun Rasha suna da damar yin tsalle-tsalle mai ƙarfi. Duk da haka, da dama matsaloli kira a cikin tambaya da m ci gaban greenhouses ko da a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai kyau.
A cewar ma'aikatar noma ta kasar Rasha, yawan samar da kayan lambu a cikin greenhouse tun farkon shekara ya karu da kashi 6.8% idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata. Sai dai duk da haka, har yanzu matakin wadatar da kai na kasar a cikin kayan marmari bai wuce kashi 72 cikin dari ba.
"Ko da a cikin mawuyacin hali na 2022, 'yan Rasha sun ci gaba da kashe kudi mai yawa akan sabbin tumatir da cucumbers - wannan shine rabin duk kayan lambu da aka cinye. Kuma a halin yanzu, a kololuwar raguwar shigo da kayayyaki da kuma buƙatun masu amfani da yawa, masana'antarmu za ta iya yin gaba. Amma wannan zai buƙaci ƙoƙari mai tsanani. Gaskiyar ita ce, yawan karuwar yawan amfanin gona da kuma ƙaddamar da sabbin yankuna yana gabatowa tudu: duk abin da ke nuna cewa a nan gaba ba za a sami damar samun karuwar yawan amfanin gonakin kayan lambu ba, "in ji Alexey Kurenin a lokacin. jawabinsa a Kasuwar Sabo ta Duniya: Kayan lambu & 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari.
Mahimman haɗari ga masana'antu a Grodan sune:
raguwa sosai a cikin ƙaddamar da sabbin yankuna;
ƙara yawan gasar cikin gida;
ƙara matsa lamba akan farashin tallace-tallace;
karuwa mai yawa a cikin farashin kayan masarufi.
Babban dogaro ga kayan aikin da aka shigo da su kuma na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa.
A cewar Kurenin, domin a juyar da lamarin, ya zama dole a kara habaka yadda ake samar da kayan marmari da aka riga aka yi. Yadda za a cimma wannan?
Da fari dai, ta hanyar samun ƙarin yawan amfanin ƙasa daga kowace shuka da kowace murabba'in mita. Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ba kawai ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙarin haske da amfani da takin mai magani ba, har ma da yanayin girma mai inganci.
“Idan ba tare da isassun tushen lafiya ba, ba zai yuwu a ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa ba, kuma bunƙasa tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, bi da bi, ya dogara da inganci da sarrafa ƙasa. Dangane da wannan, samar da amfanin gona na hydroponic ya tabbatar da kansa da kyau, wanda, da rashin alheri, bai riga ya ci gaba ba a Rasha. Zan ba ku misali. Mun gudanar da gwaji a kan tumatir da aka girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'adun haske: mun maye gurbin ƙasan da aka saba da shi tare da Grodan GT Master dutse ulu. A sakamakon haka, yawan amfanin gona na wata na farko da rabi na girbi ya kai 1.05 kg / m2, kuma ƙarin ribar da aka samu a gonar ya kai kimanin 800,000 rubles / ha. A peculiarity shi ne cewa dutse ulu substrates ba su ɗaure ma'adinai gina jiki, don haka su gaba daya tunawa da shuke-shuke. Bugu da ƙari, 98% na ruwa a cikin Grodan substrates yana samuwa don amfanin gona na kayan lambu, "in ji Alexey Kurenin.
Na biyu, ta hanyar inganta farashi. Musamman saboda karin tattalin arziki amfani da takin mai magani. A kididdigar bankin duniya, a shekarar 2021, farashin takin zamani ya karu da kashi 80%, kuma a karshen shekarar 2022 zai iya kara kashi 70%. A cewar Grodan, a matsakaita, siyan takin mai magani yana da kashi 10-15% na jimlar farashin tsarin gine-ginen greenhouse.
“Maganin noman ruwa na ba da damar yin amfani da takin zamani mafi inganci da tattalin arziki saboda karancin magudanar ruwa. A cikin buɗaɗɗen tsarin, ana iya rage yawan amfani da taki a kowace kilogiram na samfur da kashi 25%. A cikin rufaffiyar tsarin, har ma yana yiwuwa a sake amfani da takin da shuka ba ta shafe shi ba, yana haifar da tanadin har zuwa 78%. Ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da muka yi ya nuna cewa tanadin da aka samu a cikin takin zamani lokacin da ake girma cucumbers akan ulun ma'adinai na Grodan Express shine 113,932 rubles / ha kowace juzu'i, ” Alexey Kurenin ya ba da misali.
Don haka, samun nasara mai inganci a cikin masana'antar greenhouse a Rasha a yau yana yiwuwa ba kawai ta hanyar gabatar da sabbin yankuna ba, har ma ta hanyar haɓaka ingantaccen kayan aikin gonaki.