FDA ta soki matakan a wani greenhouse hydroponics da ke da alaƙa da barkewar bazarar da ta gabata, kuma ta ba da jagororin da ke da fa'ida ga shahararrun masana'antar.
Salati marar adadi Masoya sun rungumi amfanin gonakin hydroponic, suna da kwarin guiwar cewa latas ɗin jarirai, arugula da ganyayen da ake girma a cikin gida a cikin greenhouses sun fi aminci fiye da ganyen da aka samo asali a waje a cikin ƙasa gona.
Hydroponic growers tallata kayan amfanin su azaman sabo ne, yawanci ana girma kusa da gidajen abokan ciniki maimakon a filayen gonaki masu nisa. Kuma jerin lamuran guba na abinci da ke da alaƙa da ganyen ganyen ƙasa na gargajiya daga California da Arizona a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun ƙara jan hankalin amfanin gonakin ruwa na gida.
Amma a Salmonella Barkewar bazarar da ta gabata wanda ya raunata mutane 31 a cikin jihohi hudu kuma an gano shi a wani gidan gona na BrightFarms na ruwa a Rochelle, Ill., Ya bayyana cewa ko da ganyen da aka shuka a cikin rufin rufin yana da haɗari ga kamuwa da cuta.
Ko da yake barkewar ba ta da yawa, Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta gudanar da bincike kan musabbabin ta, wanda aka yi imanin shi ne binciken farko na cikin gida game da cututtukan da ke haifar da abinci da ke da alaƙa da ganyen hydroponic. Hukumar, a cikin sakin kwanan nan Rahoton A bisa binciken da aka yi, ya bayyana illolin da ka iya haifarwa ta rashin tabbatar da tsaftataccen ruwa a cikin tafkunan da ake noma da kuma tanadin kayan da ya dace, da kuma ba da shawarar ka'idojin aminci ga gonakin hydroponic gaba daya. Rahoton mai wahala ya kasance bayanin taka tsantsan ga masana'antar hydroponics da kuma sigina ga masu amfani da cewa ganyen sa ba su da kariya daga cututtuka.
Dangane da barkewar cutar, BrightFarms ta ɓullo da wani shiri don ƙarfafa amincin abinci da ingancinta, a cewar Steve Platt, babban jami'in kamfanin.
Masu binciken FDA - waɗanda suka ziyarci ginin BrightFarms a watan Yuli da Agusta na ƙarshe, a lokacin da hukumar ta takaita binciken ta saboda ƙuntatawa na Covid-19 - ba a iya gano ainihin dalilin barkewar cutar ba. Sai dai gwajin da suka yi ya gano wata shaida, a cikin wani ruwa na guguwa a waje da ke kusa da wurin, na nau'in salmonella da ya haifar da barkewar cutar, da kuma shaidar wani nau'in salmonella na daban a cikin wani tafki mai girma a cikin gida, in ji rahoton hukumar. (Cutar Salmonella, ko salmonellosis, yawanci ana yaɗuwa lokacin da mutane suka ci abincin da aka gurbata da najasa daga dabbobi masu kamuwa da cuta. Bakteriya ta kai hari kan hanyar hanji.)
Rahoton FDA ya sami matsala game da yadda wurin ke kula da ruwan kandami da gundumar ke bayarwa, wanda ake amfani da shi lokacin da aka noma ganyen ganye a cikin rafts na polystyrene.
"Da zarar a cikin tafkunan da ke girma, ba a kashe ruwa akai-akai ko kuma a bi da shi," in ji rahoton.
Korrie Burgmeier, mai magana da yawun kamfanin BrightFarms, ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa ga Matt Lingard, mataimakin shugaban kamfanin a fannin noma da kimiyya, cewa a kokarin da ake na kiyaye ruwansa daga abubuwan kara kuzari, BrightFarms ba ta lalata ruwanta akai-akai. Madadin haka, ya ce membobin ma'aikatan suna gwada ruwan akai-akai tare da kula da shi "idan gwajin ya nuna hadari."
Har ila yau, sun soki wurin da ake ajiye kayan amfanin gona na ruwa a waje maimakon a cikin rumfar, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da zubar da tsuntsaye da kutsen dabbobi. Ana amfani da irin wannan abu don daidaita tsire-tsire da kuma samar da abubuwan gina jiki ga tushen.
Wani gazawar, in ji masu binciken, shine BrightFarms ba ta cika rubutaccen bayani ba "cewa tsaftacewa da tsabtace kayan aiki, kayan aiki da gine-ginen da ake amfani da su wajen ayyukan haɓaka ana gudanar da su akai-akai bisa ga tsarin kamfanin."
Masana sun ce rahoton FDA ya bayyana yuwuwar matsaloli a cikin masana'antar hydroponic da aka sani da aikin gona mai sarrafawa, ko CEA.
"Gaskiya, wannan rahoton shine kyakkyawan mataki na farko ga kowa da kowa a CEA ya ce, 'Lafiya, muna buƙatar yin ƙarin," in ji Martin Wiedmann, masanin salmonella kuma farfesa a lafiyar abinci da kimiyyar abinci a Kwalejin Jami'ar Cornell Noma da Kimiyyar Rayuwa.
Tun daga tsakiyar watan Yuli, BrightFarms ta fara tuno da ganyen salatin a cikin jihohin Midwest da dama, a cewar CDC. Har ila yau, ta dauki hayar wani kamfani mai ba da shawara kan lafiyar abinci, Matrix Sciences, a cewar Mista Platt, babban jami'in gudanarwa.
"Manufarmu ce ta samar da tsarin noma mafi aminci da zai yiwu," in ji Mista Platt a wata rubutacciyar sanarwa.
Kamfanin ya raba jagorar daga duka FDA da Matrix a cikin bayanan sirri tare da shugabannin masana'antar hydroponic, in ji Mista Platt.
BrightFarms, wanda ke gudanar da gonakin kasuwanci guda shida a cikin jihohi shida, an saye shi a shekarar da ta gabata ta Conglomerate Cox Enterprises. Ta yi shirin fadada karfinta da kadada 200 a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, tare da sabbin gidajen gona guda biyar a gabar tekun Gabas da tsakiyar Yamma da Texas, in ji Mista Platt a cikin wata sanarwa.
Aikin noma na Hydroponic ya bazu zuwa bakin teku a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Wasu ayyuka, kamar rukunin yanar gizon BrightFarms, ana ajiye su a cikin greenhouses. Wasu kuma suna kan rufin rufin, ko girma a cikin gine-gine irin na hasumiya.
Lori Hilliard na Lombard, Ill., Yana cikin mutane 31 da suka kamu da rashin lafiya sakamakon barkewar BrightFarms. Wadanda suka kamu da cutar sun kasance tsakanin shekarun kasa da 1 zuwa 86, a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka..
Ta ce ta kasance sabuwa ga kayan aikin ruwa lokacin da ta sayi kwantena da yawa na ganyen salatin BrightFarms a wani kantin kayan abinci na gida a watan Yunin da ya gabata.
Bayan kwanaki da yawa, ta gane wani abu ba daidai ba ne.
Ms. Hilliard, wata ƙwararriyar mataimakiyar likita a ƙungiyar likitocin yankin ta ce: “Waɗannan sune mafi munin ciwon jiki da na taɓa yi. Alamun sun kara tsananta, sai ta kamu da zazzabi, takura da gudawa mafi muni a rayuwarta.
Mijinta ya kai ta dakin gaggawa, inda aka yi kuskuren gano cewa tana da ciwon ciki. Zawo ya ci gaba da komawa gida, hakan ya sa ta yi saurin shiga bandaki sau 15 a rana.
Madam Hilliard ta ce "Sau guda biyu, ana jin kamar aiki. "Na yi kururuwa ne kawai saboda zafin."
Likitanta ya ba da kayan gwajin stool. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta sami kira daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta DuPage County, tana mai cewa tana da guba na salmonella. Lokacin da aka tambaye ta ko ta ci letus BrightFarms, guntuwar wasan sun danna tare.
Har yanzu, in ji ta, ba ta jin cikakkiyar lafiya. Ta kai ga sasantawa da BrightFarms kan adadin da ta kasa bayyanawa bisa yarjejeniyar, a cewar lauyanta William Marler.
Da kyar ta kara cin salati, inji ta.
Da aka tambaye shi game da karar, Mista Platt ya ce: “Mun yi bakin ciki da muka samu Ms. Hilliard ta yi rashin lafiya. Kuma yayin da ba a sami tushen tushen a gonarmu ba, masu inshorar mu sun sami damar cimma matsaya ta tausayi.”
CDC ta ƙiyasta , Kwayoyin cutar salmonella - daga tushe da yawa - suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta kusan miliyan 1.35, asibitoci 26,500 da mutuwar 420 a Amurka kowace shekara.
Yayin da hukumar ta FDA ba ta fitar da wasu sabbin ka'idoji ba har zuwa yau sakamakon barkewar cutar ta 2021, kakakinta Veronika Pfaeffle, ta ce hukumar na sane da ci gaban masana'antar ruwa kuma za ta dauki duk wani matakin da ya dace don kare lafiyar dan Adam.
"Ayyukan CEA, irin su waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan gine-gine na hydroponic, sun bambanta da hanyoyi masu mahimmanci daga ayyukan da ake amfani da su a cikin filin budewa, kuma dole ne a magance waɗannan bambance-bambance na musamman daga yanayin lafiyar abinci," in ji Ms. Pfaeffle.
FDA ta ɗauki kimanin samfurori 300 na ganye, ruwa da sauran abubuwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken BrightFarms.
Wani muhimmin abin da aka gano shi ne kasancewar Salmonella typhimurium - nau'in da ya raunata mutane 31 - a cikin wani ruwa mai guguwa a wani kadara kusa da rukunin BrightFarms. Sai dai masu binciken na tarayya ba su iya tantance ko kwayar cutar da ta gurbata ganyen ganyen ta samo asali ne daga cikin kwandon kuma ta koma cikin greenhouse, ko kuma ta yi tafiya ne daga wurin da ake ginawa zuwa cikin ruwa, a cewar rahoton.
Masu binciken sun kuma gano wani nau'i na kwayar cutar, Salmonella Liverpool, a cikin wani tafkin girma na cikin gida a BrightFarms.
Rahoton ya ce "Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin rage tushen gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta tare da aiki da kuma kula da tafkunan samarwa ta hanyar da ba ta haifar da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa samfur ba," in ji rahoton.
Masu bincike a Jami'ar Arkansas sun yi amfani da labaran mujallolin kimiyya da suka gabata don ƙarin fahimtar haɗarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kayan lambu masu ganye da ake girma a cikin ruwa. Nazarin su, an buga a cikin Horticulturee a cikin 2019, ya ƙarasa da cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam “suna cikin hanzari a cikin kyallen jikin shuka ta hanyar ɗaukar gurɓataccen maganin gina jiki ta hanyar tushen tsarin.”
Kristen E. Gibson, daya daga cikin marubutan binciken kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin kiyaye abinci a Jami'ar Arkansas, tana aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka kan binciken ruwa, inda ta nemo dabarun da za su iya sarrafa kwayoyin cuta, in ji ta.
Jami'an tarayya da na jihohi da ke neman ma'aikatan BrightFarms marasa lafiya sun sami taimakon gwajin kwayoyin halitta gaba daya, yatsan yatsa na DNA wanda zai iya danganta mabukaci tare da gubar abinci ga mai samarwa a tushen rashin lafiya.
“Suna gida; ba sa zuwa wurin likitocinsu,” in ji Mista Brackett. "Duk wani barkewar da zaku iya gano ta, yana da mahimmanci koyaushe."
Ƙungiya ɗaya da ke mai da hankali ga rahoton ita ce Ƙungiyar Tsaron Abinci ta CEA, wadda aka kafa a cikin 2019 ta manyan masana'antun, ciki har da BrightFarms, a cewar zartarwa, Dr. Elisabeth Hagen, tsohuwar USDA a karkashin sakatariyar kare abinci.
Haɗin gwiwar, tare da mambobi kusan 30, sun fitar da ka'idoji don ganyen ganye a bazarar da ta gabata, suna mai da hankali kan haɗarin da suka shafi ruwa, ƙirar tsari da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, in ji Dokta Hagen.
Masu kera CEA na iya neman hatimin takaddun shaida don nunawa akan marufinsu idan ƙungiyar ta gano suna bin ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar.
Wasu kuma sun yi kira da a kara sa ido. Sarah Sorscher, mataimakiyar darekta mai kula da al'amuran a Cibiyar Kimiyya a cikin Sha'awar Jama'a, ƙungiyar masu amfani da ba da riba, ta ce ya kamata Majalisa ta ba da ƙarin kudade ga FDA don hanzarta bincikar gonakin hydroponic.
Trevor Suslow, mai ba da shawara kuma farfesa a fannin kimiyyar shuka a Jami'ar California, Davis, ya bukaci masu noman ruwa da su bi ka'idojin hukumar, wadanda suka hada da shawarwari kan tsaftar muhalli da tsaftataccen ruwa.
"Ku rabu da, 'An girma a cikin gida, babu haɗari," in ji shi. "Wannan ba ze zama alhakin aika saƙon ba."
Tushe: https://www.nytimes.com