Yankin Krasnodar yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan yankuna uku a cikin samar da kayan lambu na ƙasa mai karewa. Koyaya, rabon kayan da aka shigo da shi a cikin samar da greenhouse ya kasance mai girma. Haɓaka farashin albarkatun ƙasa, kayan gyara kayan aiki da dabaru, da ke da alaƙa da matsin lamba kan Rasha, ya haifar da hauhawar farashin kayan lambu da raguwar ƙarancin kasuwancin manoman Kuban. Mahalarta kasuwar suna jayayya cewa kasuwancin agri yana buƙatar tallafin jihohi don kula da ayyukan aiki.
Girma a cikin kundin da fasaha
Babban girbin kayan lambu na rufaffiyar ƙasa na kungiyoyin aikin gona na yankin Krasnodar, waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da ƙananan kasuwancin, a cikin Janairu-Oktoba 2022 ya kai tan dubu 88.6. Wannan kusan ton dubu 3 ya fi na daidai wannan lokacin a bara. An ruwaito wannan ga Kommersant-Kuban a Krasnodarstat.
A cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma da Masana'antu ta yankin, Kuban na ɗaya daga cikin yankuna uku da ke kan gaba wajen tattara kayan lambu na greenhouse tare da yankunan Moscow da Lipetsk. A cikin yankin Krasnodar, samar da samfuran kayan lambu na ƙasa mai karewa ya fi kilogiram 16 ga kowane mazaunin a ƙimar kilogiram 12. Tsarin samarwa a cikin 2022 shine ton dubu 112.
“Ana samar da ingantaccen adadin samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar faɗaɗa wurin da ake yin greenhouse da kuma ƙara yawan kayan da ake samarwa a kowane yanki na yankin da aka yi amfani da su, wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar bullo da sabbin fasahohi na noman kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa mai kariya, da kuma amfani da iri masu yawan gaske. . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, bisa ga hasashen masana masana'antu, samar da kayan lambu na greenhouse a cikin Kuban na iya girma zuwa ton dubu 130-140. Wannan ya faru ne saboda farfaɗo da ayyukan saka hannun jari da nufin aiwatar da ayyukan gina sabbin manyan gine-ginen gine-ginen gine-gine, "Fedor Dereka, Ministan Noma da Masana'antu na Yankin Krasnodar, ya gaya wa Kommersant-Kuban.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, bisa ga hasashen masana masana'antu, samar da kayan lambu na greenhouse a cikin Kuban na iya girma zuwa ton dubu 130-140.
A cewar ma'aikatar noma ta yankin, manyan gine-ginen masana'antu na zamani 11 da ke da fadin kasa sama da hekta 240 a Kuban. Suna da kashi 96% na jimillar adadin kayan lambu a yankin. Shugabannin da ke samar da kayan lambu masu kariya sune Dinskoy, Belorechensky, Timashevsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Seversky gundumomi da Krasnodar. "A nan ne aka tattara mafi girma a cikin gine-ginen greenhouse na yankin tare da fasahar samar da ci gaba. A kan kayan fasaha da yawa suna ba ku damar samun fiye da kilogiram 70 na kayan lambu a kowace murabba'in murabba'in mita, "in ji ma'aikatar labarai ta sashen.
Saboda haka, daya daga cikin manyan gine-ginen greenhouses a Rasha "Green Line", mallakar sarkar dillali "Magnet", yana cikin gundumar Dinsky da Tikhoretsky na yankin Krasnodar. "A wannan shekara muna sa ran samun karin girbi saboda fadada damar samar da kayayyaki - kimanin tan dubu 58 na cucumbers da tumatir iri-iri, gami da tumatir ceri da hadaddiyar giyar, wanda muke ba da fifiko sosai saboda shaharar mukamai." ma’aikatar yada labaran kamfanin ta ce.
Kayan lambu na Greenhouse a cikin shekaru 20 kawai sun juya daga samfuran abinci na yanayi waɗanda ba safai ake amfani da su ba zuwa ɓangaren yau da kullun na abincin mutanen Rasha. "Ayyukan ci gaban da ake samu na kayan lambu na greenhouse a Rasha ya fara ne bayan gabatar da takunkumin abinci a shekarar 2014. Kafin haka, an shigo da kusan tan miliyan daya na kayan lambu a kowace shekara daga Turkiyya, Iran da sauran kasashe," in ji Yulia Tulupnikova, babbar jami'a a cibiyar. Sashen Ka'idar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki na Duniya a Jami'ar Synergy.
Duk hankali ga cucumbers
Halin da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shi ne fadada jerin kayan lambu da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai kariya, in ji ma'aikatar aikin jarida na ma'aikatar aikin gona ta yankin. Idan a baya tumatur ne da cucumbers na gargajiya, yau shine barkono, eggplant, salads, ganye. Yawan kayan lambun da ake nomawa kuma ya canza.
“Idan shekaru biyar da suka gabata cucumbers ya kai kashi 70% na yawan abin da ake samarwa, a yau wannan adadi ya kai kashi 50%. Sauran adadin ya faɗi akan tumatir - 48%, albarkatun kore, da barkono - 2%. Masana sun danganta karuwar noman tumatur da sauyi a tsarin bukatar kayan lambun da aka rufe. Musamman bukatar tumatur na cikin gida ya karu, musamman tumatur na ceri,” in ji ma’aikatar yada labarai ta sashen.
Mataimakin shugaban kungiyar "Greenhouses na Rasha" Andrey Medvedev ya yi iƙirarin cewa a halin yanzu akwai babban overstocking na kasuwa tare da cucumbers. An bayyana wannan ta gaskiyar cewa kokwamba shine samfurin da ya fi girma da sauri da sauri. “Bugu da ƙari, kusan duk masu kera suna girma nau'in cucumbers guda ɗaya. Ba za ku ga ƙarin zaɓaɓɓun nau'ikan samfuran a ko'ina ba, ”in ji Mista Medvedev. Ya kara da cewa, ba a yi canjin tumatur daga kasashen waje ba, tunda tumatur ya fi tsayi, da wahala da tsadar noman.
“Ba a kula da barkono, kwai da sauran kayan lambu ko kadan. 'Yan kasuwa ba sa son jinkiri a cikin kasuwancin su biyan lamuni na dogon lokaci wanda ya zama dole don noman amfanin gona. Duk wannan yana buƙatar ƙarfafawa, ƙarfafawa daga jihar, kuma a halin yanzu babu wani, "in ji Andrey Medvedev.
Natalia Davydenko, shugaban sashen noman amfanin gona da namomin kaza a Interagro, ya ce kashi 70% na barkono masu zaki da Rashawa ke cinyewa ana shigo da su ne a taron Noma na IV "Ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu na Rasha - 2022", wanda aka gudanar a Sochi a karshen Oktoba. . Ainihin, ana kawo barkono mai dadi, a cewarta, daga Isra'ila, Turkiyya da China. Ms. Davydenko ta tabbata cewa yana yiwuwa a maye gurbin shigo da wannan amfanin gona tare da samar da nasa, amma don wannan ya zama dole don magance yawan ayyuka.
“An noman barkono a bude da rufe kasa, kuma yawan amfanin gona ya bambanta sosai. Ga Rasha, noman barkono mai zaki a cikin greenhouses ya fi dacewa. Koyaya, samarwa yana iyakance ta hanyar agrotechnical (haɓaka farashin aiki da ƙarancin amfanin ƙasa a cikin samar da greenhouse, rashin ingantattun fasahohin injinan noma, injunan girbi na fur da layukan sarrafawa da tattarawa) da abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi (rashin al'adun ci gaba da amfani da su. da kuma farashi mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan lambu), ”in ji Ms. Davydenko.
Takunkumin ya kai gaci
A karkashin yanayin takunkumin takunkumi kan Rasha, masana'antun suna fuskantar hauhawar farashin kayayyakin samar da kayayyaki, da bukatar neman sabbin masu samar da kayayyaki da kuma madadin albarkatun kasa da kayan da ke barin kasuwar Rasha, da kuma bukatar canza canjin. kwanakin bayarwa, Yulia Tulupnikova jihohi. "Ƙananan kasuwanci da gonaki suna da lokaci mafi wahala," in ji ta.
Matsaloli sun taso da farko saboda yawan kason da ake shigowa da su wajen samar da kayan lambu masu koren kore. Don haka, a cewar Andrey Medvedev, kusan kashi 80% na tsaba, 60% na kayayyakin kariya daga shuka, 70% na bumblebees don pollination na waje ne. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen samar da amfanin gona, musamman don shigarwa na gas-piston don samar da wutar lantarki, kayan sarrafa yanayi, rarrabawa da kayan aiki, sun zama tsada da wuya a samu.
Haka kuma an ce a cikin sabis na latsawa na sarkar tallace-tallace "Magnet". “A bana mun samu matsala wajen siyan iri, taki, kare lafiyar shuka, kayayyakin gyara. Muna magance su ta hanyar haɓakawa da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tare da masu samar da kayayyaki na cikin gida, da kuma gina wasu hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki,” in ji kamfanin.
Haɓaka farashin albarkatun ƙasa, kayan aikin samarwa, sufuri ya haɓaka farashin manoma, wanda ya shafi farashin samarwa.
“A lokaci guda kuma, saboda girbi mai kyau, haɓakar farashin kayan lambu ya kusan kusan rashin fahimta. Bari mu ce farashin tumatir kusan iri ɗaya ne a yau da bara,” Yulia Tulupnikova sharhi. Sakamakon haka, ƙarancin samar da kayan lambu na greenhouse ya ragu sosai a cikin 2022.
Kayan lambu suna buƙatar tallafi
Samar da kayan lambu na greenhouse a Rasha yana ci gaba da girma. “Idan har aka ci gaba da samun ci gaba, to a karshen shekarar 2022 girbin zai kai tan miliyan 1.5, wanda ya kai kashi 7% fiye da na shekarar 2021, kuma wannan zai sabunta tarihin bara. Ana samun karuwar adadin samar da kayayyaki duka biyu saboda gabatar da sabbin yankuna, da kuma karuwar yawan amfanin gona, "in ji Yulia Tulupnikova. Ta kara da cewa a yankin Krasnodar, noman kayan lambu ya karu da kashi uku cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.
Akwai dukkan sharuddan noman kayan lambu a cikin Kuban, in ji Maria Zakatova, manazarta a kamfanin bincike na NTech. “Wannan duka yanayi ne mai kyau da ƙasa mai albarka. Bugu da kari, akwai tallafin da jihar ke bayarwa ta hanyar maido da kudaden gina gine-ginen gonakin kayan lambu na kasa mai kariya, wanda ke biyan kashi 25% na kudin ginin,” in ji Madam Zakatova.
Don ci gaban masana'antu, a cewar masana, ya zama dole a sabunta gine-ginen greenhouses na yankin, amfani da tsarin dumama mai inganci, da kuma tallafawa kanana da matsakaitan gonakin noma.
“Akwai rancen da aka ba da tallafi, akwai ɓangarorin, har ma akwai diyya na wani ɓangare na kuɗin wutar lantarki yayin amfani da hasken wucin gadi a cikin gidajen abinci. Akwai matakan da yawa, amma ba a yi niyya da nau'in samfurin ba, "in ji Andrey Medvedev. Ya fayyace cewa manoma a yau ba su da isassun kayan rancen da za su tallafawa ayyukan aiki. “Ya zama dole a kara kuzari ba kawai gina gidajen gonaki ba, kamar yadda ake yi a yau, har ma da tsarin noman kayan lambu iri-iri. Tallafin jiha ba zaɓi ba ne. Ba ya motsa noman wasu nau'ikan kayayyaki, waɗanda ba su isa ba a ƙasar, "in ji Mista Medvedev.
A hanyar, ƙungiyar "Greenhouses na Rasha" a watan Maris ta yi kira ga Firayim Minista na Tarayyar Rasha Mikhail Mishustin tare da shawarwarin da dama da suka wajaba, a ra'ayin manoma, matakan tallafi na jihar. A musamman, wannan shi ne wani karuwa a cikin iyaka m gajere lamuni zuwa 1.5 biliyan rubles, wani karuwa a ramuwa ga bashi cibiyoyin ga m gajeren lokaci da zuba jari lamuni zuwa 100% na key kudi na Babban Bankin Rasha. Tarayyar; kafa hutun bashi na tsawon shekara 1 don biyan lamunin saka hannun jari yayin kiyaye ƙimar fifiko, diyya na wani ɓangare na farashin siyan albarkatun ƙasa, ayyuka da ayyuka, la'akari da ɓangaren kuɗin, da sauransu.
Ma'aikatar 'yan jarida ta kasuwar sayar da kayayyaki ta Magnit ta kara da cewa, samun nasarar samar da kayan lambu masu koren shayi, da dai sauransu, ya dogara ne da bunkasar fannonin kiwo da samar da iri, da kuma aiki tukuru tare da jami'o'in aikin gona ta fuskar hada ilmin kimiyya a aikace. ayyuka.
Bugu da kari, kamfanin ya lura da karancin masu noman kayan lambu. “Sakamakon ayyukan gine-ginen gine-ginen ya dogara ne akan inganci da ingancin waɗannan ma'aikata. Don rufe rata a cikin waɗannan ƙwararrun, Magnit yana amfani da nau'ikan motsawa iri-iri don riƙe irin waɗannan ma'aikata, samar da ajiyar ma'aikata don ƙwararru da manajoji, inganta yanayin aiki, gudanar da binciken gamsuwa na ma'aikata a kai a kai, yana jan hankalin ɗaliban KubGAU. Misali, ana gudanar da gasa tare da jami'a don bincike mafi ban sha'awa da inganci don samarwa tare da biyan kuɗin tallafi da tallafin karatu na sirri daga sarkar dillali, "in ji kamfanin. Duk da haka, matsalar a cewar masana, ta kasance cikin tsari ga masana'antar kuma tana buƙatar kulawar jihar.
Margarita Sinkevich
Madogararsa: https://www.kommersant.ru