A Rasha, samar da kayan lambu na greenhouse a cikin watanni tara ya karu da 6.8%
Masana'antar greenhouse a Rasha tana haɓaka sosai tun daga 2014, lokacin da ta bayyana a fili cewa ƙasar za ta rayu cikin matsin lamba. Mafarin da aka fara shi ne tsarin sauya shigo da kayayyaki da yawa, wanda aka tsara don shirin shekaru biyar don bunkasa fannin noma. Girman kayan lambu na ƙasa mai rufe ba banda. A cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata, gidajen cin abinci na zamani sun bayyana a cikin kasar, kuma an cika ma'auni da cucumbers masu inganci kuma masu cutar da muhalli da tumatur na cikin gida.
Farawa don haɓakar masana'antar greenhouse cikin sauri shine babban tallafin jihohi na masu kera kayan lambu na cikin gida na Rasha. Ganyen gidaje sun bayyana a kusan duk yankuna na ƙasar. Mafi girma sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin yankuna na tsakiya, a Siberiya da kuma kudancin kasar. Mafi yawan kayan lambu na cikin gida da yanki nasa ne na kamfanin St. Babban kasuwancin greenhouse "ECO-Culture" ya mamaye kusan kadada 445, yana rufe saman uku na JSC "Agrokombinat" Yuzhny tare da gine-ginen greenhouse tare da yanki kusan kadada 305. A yau, kayan lambu na cikin gida na rufaffiyar ƙasa yana ci gaba da haɓakawa sosai, kowace shekara yana nuna haɓaka mai kyau, kuma samar da greenhouse kusan shine mafi mashahuri jagora don farawa.
Tsayayyen girma. Yawan samar da kayan lambu na ƙasa masu kariya a cikin Rasha suna ci gaba da girma. A cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Rasha, an riga an noma tan miliyan 1.25 a cikin gidajen koli a tsakiyar Oktoban 2022. Wannan ya kai kashi 6.8% fiye da na daidai wannan lokacin a bara. Greenhouse cucumbers an riga an girbe 725.4 dubu ton (girma - 7.7%), tumatir - 502.9 dubu ton (girma - 7.4%). Yankunan da ke kan gaba wajen girbin kayan lambu na greenhouse sune Lipetsk, Moscow, Volgograd, Kaluga, Belgorod yankuna, Krasnodar da Stavropol Territories, Jamhuriyar Karachay-Cherkessia, Tatarstan da Bashkortostan.
Sun zama shugabanni. A yau, yankin Lipetsk yana kan gaba wajen girbi kayan lambu na greenhouse. Ya zuwa tsakiyar watan Oktoba, an girbe sama da tan dubu 123 na kayan lambu da koren amfanin gona a yankin. Ci gaban ya haura 17%.
Shugaban yankin Lipetsk Igor Artamonov ya ce "Girbin cucumbers na yanzu a yankin ya riga ya kai tan dubu 61.6, an girbe tan dubu 59.9 a bara." - An girbe tumatur kimanin tan dubu 60.6, wanda shine kashi uku fiye da na bara (tan dubu 44.4). Kazalika, an tattara guda miliyan 3.8 na latas (ton 650), wanda yanzu an fara nomansa a yankin.”
A wuri na biyu akwai greenhouses kusa da Moscow. A cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma na yankin, an girbe ton dubu 66 na kayan lambu a yankin Moscow a watan Janairu - Yuni 2022 - wannan shine 10% fiye da na 2021 a daidai wannan ranar. A karshen shekarar 2022, ana shirin girbi ton dubu 122 na kayan lambu.
A cewar ma'aikatar 'yan jaridu na shugaban da gwamnatin Karachay-Cherkessia, a cikin 2022 an tsara shi don haɓaka yawan kayan lambu na ƙasa mai kariya da kwata - wannan shine kusan tan dubu 50 na kayan lambu. Idan aka kwatanta da 2021, haɓakar zai zama 26%.
A cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, samar da kayan lambu masu kariya a cikin kasa a yankin Kaluga ya karu sau hudu. A shekarar da ta gabata, an girbe ton dubu 67.6 na kayan lambu a nan, a bana kuma ana shirin kara yawan nomansu zuwa tan dubu 72. Yankin Stavropol ya sami fiye da ton dubu 80 na kayan lambu (9% fiye da na shekarar da ta gabata): fiye da ton dubu 17 na cucumbers, ton dubu 64 na tumatir da ton 284 na sauran kayan lambu, gami da amfanin gona kore.
Krasnodar Krai yana daya daga cikin manyan yankuna goma na Rasha a cikin noman kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa mai rufe. "Tun daga farkon shekara, manomanmu sun riga sun noma ton dubu 53 na kayayyakin, wanda ya kai 4.5% fiye da na daidai wannan lokacin a bara," in ji gwamnan yankin Krasnodar Veniamin Kondratiev. - Kuban ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da kayan lambu na greenhouse a Rasha. A yau, manyan gine-gine 11 da ke da fadin fadin hekta 240 suna aiki a yankin.”
Koyarwar ta cika da kashi 90%. A cikin 2022, Rasha na iya cimma alamun ka'idodin Tsaron Abinci don kayan lambu da kankana.
Dmitry Patrushev, Ministan Aikin Noma na Tarayyar Rasha, ya ba da rahoto game da aiwatar da ka'idodin Tsaron Abinci a sa'ar gwamnati a Majalisar Tarayya. “Kimanin ton miliyan 5 na kayan lambu na budaddiyar kasa ana sa ran, kuma za a samar da kusan tan miliyan 1.6 a gidajen abinci. Irin wannan adadin samar da kayayyaki zai cika bukatun cikin gida da kuma bunkasa kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, "in ji shugaban sashen.
Oksana Lut, Mataimakin Ministan Noma na Farko na Tarayyar Rasha ya ce, "Kowace shekara, manoman kayan lambu na gida suna ƙara yawan samar da kayayyaki." - A wannan shekara, mun annabta cewa girbi na kayan lambu orchards a cikin gonaki na dukan Categories zai zama game da 16 miliyan ton (a cikin 2021 - game da 15 miliyan ton). Irin waɗannan sakamakon na iya ba da damar isa ga ƙimar kofa na Rukunan Tsaron Abinci a matakin 90%. Bangaren noman kayan lambu na greenhouse a halin yanzu yana nuna mafi girman haɓaka - ana tsammanin a wannan shekara samarwa a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa za ta sabunta rikodin kuma ta kai tan miliyan 1.6. Ci gaban girbi yana ba da gudummawa ga rage yawan shigo da kayayyaki, haɓaka ayyukan fitarwa da tabbatar da yanayin farashin farashi. A wannan shekara an sami raguwar farashin siyar da kayan lambu masu yawa: dankali, kabeji, karas, albasa, beets tebur, cucumbers da tumatir. Kuma ma'aikatar aikin gona ta Rasha za ta ci gaba da tallafawa masana'antu, da karfafa ayyukan zuba jari da samar da yanayin da suka dace don kare kasuwannin cikin gida."
Don kiyaye tsayin da aka samu, Ma'aikatar ta ci gaba da tallafawa samarwa har ma a cikin waɗancan wurare inda aka cimma mahimman ƙimar koyarwar. Don wannan dalili, an ƙirƙiri wani dandamali mai mahimmanci na tallafi na jiha, wanda ke shafar duk zagayowar samarwa.
Yawancin matakan tallafi na jihohi suna nufin haɓaka kayan lambu na cikin gida. Ana ba da lamunin saka hannun jari da aka fi so da tallafin tallafi don kamfanoni. Bugu da kari, tun daga shekarar 2022, an fara aiwatar da wani tsari na biyan wani bangare na kudaden da ake kashewa na gine-ginen masana'antu a yankunan Gabas mai Nisa.
Batun tsaron abinci na Rasha da duniya ya zama kusan babba a baje kolin masana'antu na Rasha na ƙarshe "Golden Autumn" -2022.
Firayim Ministan Rasha Mikhail Mishustin ya lura cewa a wannan shekara Rasha za ta cimma alamun ka'idojin Tsaron Abinci don hatsi, beets, sukari da sauran amfanin gona. Shugaban gwamnatin ya ce "Tuni ya bayyana a fili cewa za mu sami ribar girbin hatsi." - Akwai gagarumin nasarori a sauran amfanin gona, ciki har da irin mai. Har ila yau, muna ganin nasarori wajen samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, masu tsada da wuyar girma a yanayinmu. Amma muna sa ran rikodin - a kan 1.5 miliyan ton na 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries. Ana ba da babbar gudummawa ga wannan ta hanyar matakan tallafi na jihohi don gonakin kore.”
Don dalilai na tsaro. A matsayin wani ɓangare na gyare-gyare ga dokar tarayya "Game da Amintaccen Kula da Magungunan Gwari da Agrochemicals" a cikin 2020, dangane da inganta kulawar jihohi (sarrafawa), wani tanadi akan Tsarin Bayanai na Jihar Tarayya don gano magungunan kashe qwari da Agrochemicals (FGIS) ya kasance. an gabatar da shi a cikin Mataki na 15, wanda aka tsara don tabbatar da cewa ana lissafin batches na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals lokacin da ake sarrafa su (shigo da shi zuwa yankin Tarayyar Rasha, samarwa (ƙira), ajiya, sufuri ( jigilar kaya), aikace-aikacen, siyarwa, neutralization. , zubarwa, rugujewa da binnewa), da kuma don bincike, sarrafa bayanan da aka bayar a ciki da kuma lura da amincin su.
Bayanin da ke ƙunshe a cikin FGIS ana kiyaye shi ta mai aiki. Bayanin na hukuma ne kuma ana ɗaukarsa tushen bayanan jiha. Domin yin aiki a FGIS Saturn har zuwa Satumba 1, 2022, duk kamfanoni, ciki har da greenhouses masu amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da kayan aikin gona, dole ne su yi rajista tare da FGIS Saturn ta hanyar tsarin Cerberus. Rosselkhoznadzor yana yin aikin sarrafawa da kulawa don amintaccen maganin kashe kwari da agrochemicals. Ana buga umarni akan gidajen yanar gizo na hukumomin yankin Rosselkhoznadzor akan manyan hanyoyin sabis. Da ke ƙasa akwai lambobin wayar shugabannin tarbar shugabannin yankunan. Kamfanonin Greenhouse, don samun shiga da kalmar sirri, tuntuɓi ofishin gudanarwa na gida idan akwai tambayoyi yayin rajista. Hakanan ana gano sassan da ke da alhakin filaye ko kulawar phytosanitary a kowace hukuma ta yanki.
Kayan abu da fasaha na gaba. A taron noma na Yuni "Greenhouse Industry of Russia" -2022 a Moscow, an biya hankali sosai ga halin yanzu na masana'antu gaba ɗaya, musamman ma ci gaban kayan aiki da fasaha. "Rasha kayan lambu girma na rufaffiyar ƙasa: jihar na masana'antu, ci gaban al'amurra, jihar goyon baya a halin yanzu yanayi" - Arkady Muravov, mataimakin shugaban kungiyar "Greenhouses na Rasha", sanya irin wannan rahoto a forum. "Mataki na aiki na gina gine-ginen gine-gine, wanda ya fara a cikin 2014, yana ci gaba a Rasha a yau," in ji shi a cikin jawabinsa. - Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gina fiye da hekta dubu 1.5 kuma samar da kayan lambu ya karu sau hudu - har zuwa tan miliyan 1.6. A yau, manyan gine-ginen gine-gine suna shirin aiwatar da ayyuka masu tsanani na sababbin gine-gine masu tasowa a karshen 2022. APH "Eco-culture" - fiye da hectare 200, GC "Growth" - fiye da kadada 70. Manya-manyan gine-gine masu fadin sama da kadada 80 ne a matakin zane. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki yanzu a cikin tattalin arziki kuma yana da mummunan tasiri. Misali, an dakatar da aikin ginin kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Ryazan Roses mai fadin kadada 6.4. Arkady Muravov ya lura da ci-gaba halaye da kwatance da suka fara kawo ƙarin real kudi ga greenhouse Enterprises a yau. Daga cikin su akwai bude manyan masana’antun noman noma, inda ake noman furanni da kayan marmari da kuma sayar da su nan take. Shugaban kungiyar ya kuma tuno da nasarar aiwatar da kamfanonin Rasha na dabarun maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki don samar da kayan aikin da suka dace don gidajen gine-ginen masana'antu. "A fagen samar da makamashi, masana'antun Rasha, alal misali, suna iya samar da mafita mai mahimmanci, irin su na'urorin wutar lantarki na atomatik na atomatik ko zafi-ruwa mai zafi-tube masu zafi," Arkady Muravov ya tabbata.
Dogon bege. A yau Rasha ce ta biyu a duniya wajen cin cucumber (ton miliyan 1.7) sannan ta takwas wajen yawan tumatur (ton miliyan 3.5). Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Agroanalytics Dmitry Aveltsov ya bayyana cewa, abin ban mamaki a yau shi ne cewa kasarmu tana cikin kasashe 20 ne kawai kuma a saman 30 a duniya wajen amfani da waɗannan kayan lambu ga kowane mutum. A lokaci guda, samar da kansa a Rasha bai isa ba. A bara, Rasha ta shigo da ton 460.2 da 55.2 na cucumbers. Duk da haka, takunkumin da aka sanya wa Rasha ya haifar da rashin yiwuwar sabuntawa / fadada wasu fasaha na fasaha da kuma hadarin hana shigo da tsaba, kayan aiki da sauran muhimman abubuwa.
Dmitry Aveltsov ya ci gaba da cewa, "A yau, gwamnatin kasar da ma'aikatun da suka dace suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ci gaban cinikayyar juna a kayayyakin aikin gona tare da kasashe irin su Uzbekistan, Iran, Azerbaijan." - An sake nazarin halin da ake ciki na farashi a kasuwar kayan lambu, an lura da matsalar haɗari ga masu sarrafa kayan lambu dangane da takunkumi da janyewar manyan kamfanonin sarrafawa daga kasuwa.
Bisa ga bayananmu, a cikin Rasha a yau akwai ayyukan zuba jari na 72 da ke aiki a cikin jagorancin samar da kayan lambu na rufaffiyar ƙasa, wanda aiwatar da shi ya shafi lokacin 2021-2028. An riga an aiwatar da kashi 62% na ayyukan, sauran kuma ana shirin aiwatarwa nan gaba kadan. Adadin kudaden ayyukan zuba jari na 2022-2024 zai kai biliyan 45,2 rubles, gami da biliyan 1,7 za a ware don sabunta ayyukan da ake dasu.
Da yake magana game da tsinkaya ga kundin samar da greenhouse, Mikhail Semykin, darektan jagorancin greenhouse AGRRISOVGAZ LLC, ya yi hasashe mai ban sha'awa. A cewarsa, wadatar kayan lambu za ta karu zuwa kashi 72 cikin 2022 a shekarar XNUMX. To sai dai idan ana son maye gurbin kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su daga kasashen waje gaba daya, ya zama dole a kara gina gine-ginen gine-gine, kuma hakan ya shafi samar da furanni, tumatir. strawberries da hops.
Har ila yau, tambayoyi da yawa sun taso da irin waɗannan sababbin abubuwa kamar soke shirin biyan kuɗi na wani ɓangare na farashin kai tsaye da aka yi, raguwa a cikin ƙananan samfurori da kuma karuwa a lokacin biya na ayyuka, karuwar farashin kayan aiki, kayan aiki da haɓakawa dabaru na sabon gini da 50-100%, kazalika da karuwa a cikin kudin na albashi asusun da kuma karuwa a makamashi da dogara da Enterprises, da dai sauransu Don warware wadannan matsaloli, shi wajibi ne don rage matakin nasa sa hannu a. shirye-shiryen ba da kuɗaɗen aikin zuwa kashi 7-10% na farashin aikin, don haka rage ƙofa don shiga masana'antar don masu saka hannun jari. Har ila yau, ya zama dole a fadada shirye-shiryen tallafi na jihohi a fannonin fulawa, girma hop, girma Berry da sake daidaita matakan tallafi ga masana'antun gida na kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Hakanan zai yi kyau a haɗa abubuwa masu girman hekta 0.7 zuwa 3 na yanki mai amfani a cikin shirin.
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